Abstract
The impacts of climate change on the grain yield, photosynthesis, and water conditions of winter wheat were assessed based on an experiment, in which wheat plants were subjected to ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations, ambient and elevated temperatures, and low and high water conditions independently and in combination. The CO2 enrichment alone had no effect on the photosynthesis of winter wheat, whereas higher temperature and drought significantly decreased the photosynthetic rate. Water conditions in flag leaves were not significantly changed at the elevated CO2 concentration or elevated temperature. However, drought stress decreased the relative water content in flag leaves, and the combination of elevated temperature and drought reduced the water potential in flag leaves. The combination of elevated CO2 concentration, elevated temperature, and drought significantly reduced the photosynthetic rate and water conditions, and led to a 41.4% decrease in grain yield. The elevated CO2 concentration alone increased the grain yield by 21.2%, whereas the elevated temperature decreased the grain yield by 12.3%. The grain yield was not affected by the combination of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature, but the grain yield was significantly decreased by the drought stress if combined with any of the climate scenarios applied in this study. These findings suggested that maintaining high soil water content might be a vital means of reducing the potential harm caused by the climate change.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment alone did not affect winter wheat photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO2 enrichment alone had no effect on the photosynthesis of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature decreased photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher temperaturee0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher temperature and drought significantly decreased the photosynthetic rate”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher temperature and drought significantly decreased the photosynthetic rate”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not significantly change flag leaf water conditions.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- Water conditions in flag leavese0
- Direction
- not significantly changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water conditions in flag leaves were not significantly changed at the elevated CO2 concentration or elevated temperature”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature did not significantly change flag leaf water conditions.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Water conditions in flag leavese0
- Direction
- not significantly changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water conditions in flag leaves were not significantly changed at the elevated CO2 concentration or elevated temperature”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased flag leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water content in flag leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress decreased the relative water content in flag leaves”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature with drought reduced flag leaf water potential.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of elevated temperature and droughte0
- Outcome
- water potential in flag leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of elevated temperature and drought reduced the water potential in flag leaves”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The three combined factors reduced photosynthesis and water conditions.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of elevated CO2 concentration, elevated temperature, and droughte0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate and water conditionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of elevated CO2 concentration, elevated temperature, and drought significantly reduced the photosynthetic rate and water conditions, and led to a 41.4% decrease in grain yield”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The three factors together reduced grain yield by 41.4%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of elevated CO2 concentration, elevated temperature, and droughte0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 41.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of elevated CO2 concentration, elevated temperature, and drought significantly reduced the photosynthetic rate and water conditions, and led to a 41.4% decrease in grain yield”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 alone increased grain yield by 21.2%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated CO2 concentration alone increased the grain yield by 21.2%”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature decreased grain yield by 12.3%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 12.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated temperature decreased the grain yield by 12.3%”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and temperature did not affect yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of elevated CO2 concentration and temperaturee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield was not affected by the combination of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought combined with any climate scenario significantly decreased yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- combined with any of the climate scenariose0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield was significantly decreased by the drought stress if combined with any of the climate scenarios”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest maintaining high soil water content to mitigate climate harm.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- maintaining high soil water contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintaining high soil water content might be a vital means of reducing the potential harm caused by the climate change”
t0“winter wheat”
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See all 632 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.