Abstract
Using sulfur-and polymer-coated controlled release urea(SPCU,PCU) with a releasing period of 90 days as experimental materials,a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of sulfur-and polymer-coated controlled release urea on yield and photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of rice.Compared with the conventional urea(U),the controlled release urea significantly increases the grain yields by 15.1%-51.4%,and increases the nitrogen apparent efficiencies and nitrogen agronomic efficiencies by 64.5%141.1% and 5.4-18.2 kg / kg,respectively.The controlled release urea could greatly improve the net photosynthetic rate in flat leaves of rice and enhance SPAD during the middle-late growth stages.Compared with the conventional urea split,the polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional urea markedly increase the grain yields by 7.9%-31.7%,and the nitrogen agronomic efficiencies and soil total N and available N are increased by 3.3-13.0 kg / kg and 2.2%-17.6% and 13.2%-22.0%,respectively,and the net photosynthetic rate in flat leaves at the middle-late growth stages are also significantly increased.The effect of the 100% polymer-coated controlled release urea is most important.Compared with the conventional urea and the conventional urea split,the polymer-coated controlled release urea could significantly increase nitrogen fertilizer physiological efficiency of rice.The polymer-coated controlled release urea produces better rice yield and has higher nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and effective photosynthetic characteristics,compared with the sulfur-coated controlled release urea.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher.
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release urea increased rice grain yield by 15.1%-51.4% over conventional urea.
- Treatment
- controlled release ureae0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 15.1%-51.4%e0
- Comparator
- conventional urea(U)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the conventional urea(U),the controlled release urea significantly increases the grain yields by 15.1%-51.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release urea increased nitrogen apparent efficiency by 64.5%141.1% over conventional urea.
- Treatment
- controlled release ureae0
- Outcome
- nitrogen apparent efficienciese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 64.5%141.1%e0
- Comparator
- conventional urea(U)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the conventional urea(U),the controlled release urea significantly increases the grain yields by 15.1%-51.4%,and increases the nitrogen apparent efficiencies and nitrogen agronomic efficiencies by 64.5%141.1% and 5.4-18.2 kg / kg,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release urea increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency by 5.4-18.2 kg / kg.
- Treatment
- controlled release ureae0
- Outcome
- nitrogen agronomic efficienciese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 5.4-18.2 kg / kge0
- Comparator
- conventional urea(U)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the conventional urea(U),the controlled release urea significantly increases the grain yields by 15.1%-51.4%,and increases the nitrogen apparent efficiencies and nitrogen agronomic efficiencies by 64.5%141.1% and 5.4-18.2 kg / kg,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release urea improved net photosynthetic rate in rice flag leaves during middle to late growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- flat leavese0
- Treatment
- controlled release ureae0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- middle-late growth stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The controlled release urea could greatly improve the net photosynthetic rate in flat leaves of rice and enhance SPAD during the middle-late growth stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release urea enhanced SPAD during middle to late rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- controlled release ureae0
- Outcome
- SPADe0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Qualifier
- middle-late growth stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The controlled release urea could greatly improve the net photosynthetic rate in flat leaves of rice and enhance SPAD during the middle-late growth stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polymer-coated urea and the 70% sulfur-coated blend increased rice grain yields by 7.9%-31.7% over split conventional urea.
- Treatment
- polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional ureae0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 7.9%-31.7%e0
- Comparator
- conventional urea splite0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the conventional urea split,the polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional urea markedly increase the grain yields by 7.9%-31.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Those coated urea treatments increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency by 3.3-13.0 kg / kg.
- Treatment
- polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional ureae1
- Outcome
- nitrogen agronomic efficienciese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.3-13.0 kg / kge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the nitrogen agronomic efficiencies and soil total N and available N are increased by 3.3-13.0 kg / kg and 2.2%-17.6% and 13.2%-22.0%,respectively”
e1“the polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Those coated urea treatments increased soil total N by 2.2%-17.6%.
- Treatment
- polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional ureae1
- Outcome
- soil total Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.2%-17.6%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“soil total N and available N are increased by 3.3-13.0 kg / kg and 2.2%-17.6% and 13.2%-22.0%,respectively”
e1“the polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Those coated urea treatments increased soil available N by 13.2%-22.0%.
- Treatment
- polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional ureae1
- Outcome
- available Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.2%-22.0%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“soil total N and available N are increased by 3.3-13.0 kg / kg and 2.2%-17.6% and 13.2%-22.0%,respectively”
e1“the polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Those coated urea treatments significantly increased net photosynthetic rate in rice leaves during middle to late growth.
- Organ / stage
- flat leavese0
- Treatment
- polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional ureae1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the net photosynthetic rate in flat leaves at the middle-late growth stages are also significantly increased”
e1“the polymer-coated controlled release urea and the 70% sulfur-coated controlled release urea combined with 30% conventional urea”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% polymer-coated controlled-release urea had the strongest reported effect.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The effect of the 100% polymer-coated controlled release urea is most important.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polymer-coated urea significantly increased rice nitrogen fertilizer physiological efficiency over conventional or split urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- polymer-coated controlled release ureae0
- Outcome
- nitrogen fertilizer physiological efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- conventional urea and the conventional urea splite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the conventional urea and the conventional urea split,the polymer-coated controlled release urea could significantly increase nitrogen fertilizer physiological efficiency of rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polymer-coated urea produced better rice yield than sulfur-coated urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- polymer-coated controlled release ureae0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- sulfur-coated controlled release ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The polymer-coated controlled release urea produces better rice yield and has higher nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and effective photosynthetic characteristics,compared with the sulfur-coated controlled release urea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polymer-coated urea gave higher nitrogen fertilizer efficiency than sulfur-coated urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- polymer-coated controlled release ureae0
- Outcome
- nitrogen fertilizer efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sulfur-coated controlled release ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The polymer-coated controlled release urea produces better rice yield and has higher nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and effective photosynthetic characteristics,compared with the sulfur-coated controlled release urea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polymer-coated urea gave more effective photosynthetic characteristics than sulfur-coated urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- polymer-coated controlled release ureae0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic characteristicse0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Comparator
- sulfur-coated controlled release ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The polymer-coated controlled release urea produces better rice yield and has higher nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and effective photosynthetic characteristics,compared with the sulfur-coated controlled release urea.”
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See all 305 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.