Abstract
Effects of nitrogen rates on activities of key regulatory enzymes for grain starch and protein accumulation in two wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought and waterlogging from anthesis to maturity were studied in a cement pool culture experiment. Total three water treatments were established from anthesis to maturity, i.e. waterlogging, drought and moderate water supply (CK). Under each water treatment, two nitrogen levels of 120 and 240 kg·ha-1 were implemented. Both drought and waterlogging significantly reduced glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate pyruvic aminotransferase (GPT) activities in flag leaf, compared with CK. Nitrogen increased sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), GS and GPT activities in flag leaf under drought and waterlogging. Sucrose synthase (SS), soluble starch synthase (SSS), granule-bounded starch synthase (GBSS), GS and GPT activities in grains decreased with the progress of grain filling. Drought and waterlogging reduced SS and GS activities while drought increased GPT activity in grain, and waterlogging reduced GPT activity. Nitrogen increased SS activity in grain under CK and drought, while reduced it under waterlogging. Nitrogen increased SSS, GBSS, GS and GPT activities under both drought and waterlogging. Drought increased amylose accumulating rate and protein content while waterlogging reduced them. Under drought and waterlogging nitrogen reduced amylose and amylopectin accumulating rate, while increased protein content in grain. Nitrogen increased protein accumulation under CK and drought while reduced protein accumulation under waterlogging.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and waterlogging significantly reduced flag-leaf GS and GPT activities versus moderate water supply.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- flag leafe0
- Treatment
- drought and waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate pyruvic aminotransferase (GPT) activitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both drought and waterlogging significantly reduced glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate pyruvic aminotransferase (GPT) activities in flag leaf, compared with CK”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased flag-leaf SPS, GS and GPT activities under drought and waterlogging.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leafe0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), GS and GPT activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), GS and GPT activities in flag leaf under drought and waterlogging”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain SS, SSS, GBSS, GS and GPT activities declined as grain filling progressed.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- Sucrose synthase (SS), soluble starch synthase (SSS), granule-bounded starch synthase (GBSS), GS and GPT activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sucrose synthase (SS), soluble starch synthase (SSS), granule-bounded starch synthase (GBSS), GS and GPT activities in grains decreased with the progress of grain filling”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and waterlogging reduced grain SS and GS activities.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought and waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- SS and GS activitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought and waterlogging reduced SS and GS activities while drought increased GPT activity in grain, and waterlogging reduced GPT activity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased grain GPT activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- GPT activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought increased GPT activity in grain”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced grain GPT activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- GPT activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“waterlogging reduced GPT activity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased grain SS activity under moderate water and drought.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- SS activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- CK and droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased SS activity in grain under CK and drought”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen reduced grain SS activity under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- SS activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- waterlogginge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased SS activity in grain under CK and drought, while reduced it under waterlogging”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased grain SSS, GBSS, GS and GPT activities under drought and waterlogging.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- SSS, GBSS, GS and GPT activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- drought and waterlogginge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased SSS, GBSS, GS and GPT activities under both drought and waterlogging”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased amylose accumulation rate and grain protein content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- amylose accumulating rate and protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought increased amylose accumulating rate and protein content”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced amylose accumulation rate and grain protein content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- amylose accumulating rate and protein contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought increased amylose accumulating rate and protein content while waterlogging reduced them”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought and waterlogging, nitrogen reduced amylose and amylopectin accumulation rates.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogene0
- Outcome
- amylose and amylopectin accumulating ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought and waterlogging nitrogen reduced amylose and amylopectin accumulating rate”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought and waterlogging, nitrogen increased grain protein content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- nitrogene0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought and waterlogging nitrogen reduced amylose and amylopectin accumulating rate, while increased protein content in grain”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased protein accumulation under moderate water and drought.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- protein accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- CK and droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased protein accumulation under CK and drought”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen reduced protein accumulation under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- protein accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- waterlogginge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased protein accumulation under CK and drought while reduced protein accumulation under waterlogging”
t0“Wheat”
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