Abstract
With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material,we investigated the effects of exogenous spermidine(Spd,1mmol·L-1) on plant growth,chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic characteristics,and active oxygen metabolism in tomato seedlings under 75 mmol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2 stress by hydroponic culture,and studied the mechanism of how exogenous spermidine ease the Ca(NO3)2 stress.The results showed that Ca(NO3)2 stress can significantly reduce plant growth.However,in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress,the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%,respectively.The chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,Pn,Gs,Tr,rETR,qP were increased by 6.6%,18.0%,31.0%,4.9%,5.0%,respectively,while Ci,qN were decreased by 21.5% and 8.1%,respectively.The activities of SOD and CAT in leaves were significantly enhanced by 10.7% and 37.5%,respectively,while the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) and O-·2 producing rate were significantly decreased by 34.5%,17.1%,respectively.These results showed that exogenous Spd can effectively remove reactive oxygen species by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in tomato seedlings,maintain the stability of the photosynthetic apparatus,increase their photosynthetic rate,and thus ease the Ca(NO3)2 stress on tomato seedling damage.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Ca(NO3)2 stress significantly reduced tomato plant growth.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Ca(NO3)2 stresse1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- reducee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e1“The results showed that Ca(NO3)2 stress can significantly reduce plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress increased seedling height by 70.9%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- seedlings heighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 70.9%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress increased stem diameter by 15.8%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- stem diametere2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 15.8%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress increased fresh weight by 43.4%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- the fresh and dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 43.4%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress increased dry weight by 41.4%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- the fresh and dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 41.4%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress increased chlorophyll a content by 6.6%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 6.6%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e3“The chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,Pn,Gs,Tr,rETR,qP were increased by 6.6%,18.0%,31.0%,4.9%,5.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress increased chlorophyll b content by 18.0%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 18.0%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e3“The chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,Pn,Gs,Tr,rETR,qP were increased by 6.6%,18.0%,31.0%,4.9%,5.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress increased Pn by 31.0%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- Pne3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 31.0%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e3“The chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,Pn,Gs,Tr,rETR,qP were increased by 6.6%,18.0%,31.0%,4.9%,5.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress increased Gs by 4.9%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- Gse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 4.9%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e3“The chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,Pn,Gs,Tr,rETR,qP were increased by 6.6%,18.0%,31.0%,4.9%,5.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress increased Tr by 5.0%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- Tre3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 5.0%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e3“The chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,Pn,Gs,Tr,rETR,qP were increased by 6.6%,18.0%,31.0%,4.9%,5.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress increased rETR and qP (no values given).
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- rETR,qPe3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e3“The chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,Pn,Gs,Tr,rETR,qP were increased by 6.6%,18.0%,31.0%,4.9%,5.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress decreased Ci by 21.5%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- Cie4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 21.5%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e4“while Ci,qN were decreased by 21.5% and 8.1%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress decreased qN by 8.1%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- qNe4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 8.1%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e4“while Ci,qN were decreased by 21.5% and 8.1%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress enhanced SOD activity by 10.7%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- SODe5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 10.7%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e5“The activities of SOD and CAT in leaves were significantly enhanced by 10.7% and 37.5%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress enhanced CAT activity by 37.5%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- CATe5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 37.5%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e5“The activities of SOD and CAT in leaves were significantly enhanced by 10.7% and 37.5%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress decreased malondialdehyde accumulation by 34.5%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA)e6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 34.5%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e6“the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) and O-·2 producing rate were significantly decreased by 34.5%,17.1%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd under Ca(NO3)2 stress decreased O2- producing rate by 17.1%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stresse2
- Outcome
- O-·2 producing ratee6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 17.1%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e2“in the treatment of Spd for 9 d under Ca(NO3)2 stress, the seedlings height,stem diameter,the fresh and dry weight were significantly increased by 70.9%,15.8%,43.4%,41.4%”
e6“the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) and O-·2 producing rate were significantly decreased by 34.5%,17.1%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous Spd is interpreted to remove reactive oxygen species by raising antioxidant enzyme activity, stabilising photosynthesis and easing Ca(NO3)2 stress damage.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous Spde7
- Outcome
- remove reactive oxygen speciese7
- Qualifier
- by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With tomato variety shanghai 'Hezuo 903' as material”
e7“exogenous Spd can effectively remove reactive oxygen species by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in tomato seedlings”
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8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.