Economising Fertility in Temperate Rice through Green Manuring under Kashmir Valley Condition

Abstract

Green manuring is an inexpensive eco-friendly alternative effective technology in economizing the agricultural production system ensuring productive capacity of soil without causing environmental problem under mounting prices of fertilizers. Keeping this in view, field experiments were conducted at Division of Agronomy, SKUAST-K during Kharif seasons of 2006 and 2007 to compare organics, chemicals and their integration in temperate rice under Kashmir valley conditions. The treatments comprised of two standard controls of recommended fertilizer dose (120:60:30 kg/ha of N:P2O5:K2O, and no nutrients, respectively) four organic manures (FYM @30 tonnes/ha, Sesbania, Sunhemp and Robinea leaf green manuring, respectively), three green manuring crop combined with 15 tonnes/ha of FYM and three integrated combinations of 25% RDF + 7.5 tonnes FYM/ha with Sunhemp, Sesbania and Robinea green manuring. Among integrated nutrient sources, 25% RDF + FYM @7.5 tonnes/ha + Robinea leaf green manuring recorded highest yield, net profit (15,063 and 16,427) and BCR (0.44, 0.45). The soil fertility under integrated nutrient package (25% RDF + 7.5 tonnes/ha FYM and Sesbania or Robinea leaf green manuring improved significantly in terms of OC and available N, P and K to provide available nutrients to harvest a comparable yield of rice nearer to RDF treatment.

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Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In temperate rice, 25% RDF + FYM @7.5 tonnes/ha + Robinea leaf green manuring gave the highest yield among integrated nutrient sources.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 25% RDF + FYM @7.5 tonnes/ha + Robinea leaf green manuringe0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: higheste0
Comparator: integrated nutrient sourcese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Oryza sativa* · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0
“Economising Fertility in Temperate Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–39 · show in text ↑

e0
“Among integrated nutrient sources, 25% RDF + FYM @7.5 tonnes/ha + Robinea leaf green manuring recorded highest yield, net profit (15,063 and 16,427) and BCR (0.44, 0.45)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 902–1071 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In temperate rice, 25% RDF + FYM @7.5 tonnes/ha + Robinea leaf green manuring gave a higher net profit (15,063 and 16,427) than other integrated nutrient sources.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 25% RDF + FYM @7.5 tonnes/ha + Robinea leaf green manuringe0
Outcome: net profite0
Direction: higherinferrede0
Value: 15,063 and 16,427e0
Comparator: integrated nutrient sourcese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“Economising Fertility in Temperate Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–39 · show in text ↑

e0
“Among integrated nutrient sources, 25% RDF + FYM @7.5 tonnes/ha + Robinea leaf green manuring recorded highest yield, net profit (15,063 and 16,427) and BCR (0.44, 0.45)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 902–1071 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In temperate rice, 25% RDF + FYM @7.5 tonnes/ha + Robinea leaf green manuring gave a higher BCR (0.44, 0.45) than other integrated nutrient sources.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 25% RDF + FYM @7.5 tonnes/ha + Robinea leaf green manuringe0
Outcome: BCRe0
Direction: higherinferrede0
Value: 0.44, 0.45e0
Comparator: integrated nutrient sourcese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“Economising Fertility in Temperate Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–39 · show in text ↑

e0
“Among integrated nutrient sources, 25% RDF + FYM @7.5 tonnes/ha + Robinea leaf green manuring recorded highest yield, net profit (15,063 and 16,427) and BCR (0.44, 0.45)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 902–1071 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The integrated package of 25% RDF with 7.5 tonnes/ha FYM and Sesbania or Robinea green manuring significantly improved soil organic carbon.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 25% RDF + 7.5 tonnes/ha FYM and Sesbania or Robinea leaf green manuringe1
Outcome: OCe1
Direction: improvede1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“Economising Fertility in Temperate Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–39 · show in text ↑

e1
“25% RDF + 7.5 tonnes/ha FYM and Sesbania or Robinea leaf green manuring improved significantly in terms of OC and available N, P and K”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1127–1261 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The integrated package of 25% RDF with 7.5 tonnes/ha FYM and Sesbania or Robinea green manuring significantly improved available N, P and K.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 25% RDF + 7.5 tonnes/ha FYM and Sesbania or Robinea leaf green manuringe1
Outcome: available N, P and Ke1
Direction: improvede1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“Economising Fertility in Temperate Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–39 · show in text ↑

e1
“25% RDF + 7.5 tonnes/ha FYM and Sesbania or Robinea leaf green manuring improved significantly in terms of OC and available N, P and K”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1127–1261 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The integrated package gave a rice yield comparable to the RDF treatment.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae2
Treatment: 25% RDF + 7.5 tonnes/ha FYM and Sesbania or Robinea leaf green manuringe1
Outcome: yielde2
Direction: no_changeinferrede2
Comparator: RDF treatmente2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1
“25% RDF + 7.5 tonnes/ha FYM and Sesbania or Robinea leaf green manuring improved significantly in terms of OC and available N, P and K”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1127–1261 · show in text ↑

e2
“to provide available nutrients to harvest a comparable yield of rice nearer to RDF treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1262–1354 · show in text ↑

Sesbania · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

55 papers: 52 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Rice grain yield and nitrogen uptake were generally highest after Sesbania.
Nitrogen contributed by grain legumes to rice grown in rotation on the Cununurra soils of the Ord Irrigation Area, Western Australia · 1987 · compared with wet season cereal crop
No difference from an alternative
positive
Rice yield was higher with Sesbania sown at rice seeding than with 10-day delay or sole rice.
Integrated weed management, a key to success for direct-seeded rice in the Indo-Gangetic Plains · 2009 · compared with 10 days after rice seeding and a sole rice crop
No difference from an alternative
positive
Sesbania green manuring plus urea in 1985/86 increased rice yield over split urea.
Integrated management of Sesbania, Azolla and urea nitrogen in lowland rice under a rice–wheat cropping system · 1989 · compared with split application of 80 kg N/ha as PU
No difference from an alternative

51 papers more in this group

See all 55 papers →

Sesbania · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

14 papers: 14 positive, 0 negative or no effect

13 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
CRI plus SGM maximized N, P and K uptake at 206.7, 37.2 and 205.6 kg ha−1.
Bioresource Nutrient Recycling and Its Relationship with Biofertility Indicators of Soil Health and Nutrient Dynamics in Rice–Wheat Cropping System · 2014
Same direction
positive
Sesbania with soil applied chelated Zn EDTA gave the highest available zinc, manganese, copper and iron among treatment interactions.
Water Use and Soil Fertility under Rice–Wheat Cropping System in Response to Green Manuring and Zinc Nutrition · 2019 · compared with other green manure and Zn fertilization interactions
Same direction
positive
Sesbania with wheat residue gave 8 to 15 kg/ha more N uptake of rice than wheat residue alone.
EFFECT OF WHEAT, LEGUME AND LEGUME-ENRICHED WHEAT RESIDUES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND NITROGEN UPTAKE OF RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM AND SOIL FERTILITY · 2001 · compared with wheat residue alone
Same direction

10 papers more in this group

See all 14 papers →

fertilization · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

993 papers: 932 positive, 61 negative or no effect

931 papers in the same direction as this paper · 56 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
High nitrogen fertilization reduced silicon accumulation in rice leaves.
Interactions between Nitrogen and Silicon in Rice and Their Effects on Resistance toward the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens · 2017
Opposite direction
no effect
Rice nitrogen uptake did not differ significantly between conventional and controlled-release urea.
Impact of controlled-release urea on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility in a single rice cropping system · 2020 · compared with U
Opposite direction
no effect
Mean mineral content generally did not differ with fertilizer input.
Effects of Organic Fertility Management on Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Quality of Diverse Rice Cultivars · 2007
Opposite direction

989 papers more in this group

See all 993 papers →

fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

3,455 papers: 3,183 positive, 272 negative or no effect

3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Current high nitrogen practices do not significantly raise crop yields relative to optimum fertilization.
Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems · 2009 · compared with knowledge-based optimum N fertilization
Opposite direction
no effect
CRFs had no effect on crop yield.
Effect of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers on Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Crop Yields: A Meta‐analysis · 2016
Opposite direction
negative
The authors found fertilizer and irrigation investment had limited effects on rice production.
Moving toward rice self-sufficiency in sub-Saharan Africa by 2030: Lessons learned from 10 years of the Coalition for African Rice Development · 2021
Opposite direction

3,451 papers more in this group

See all 3,455 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 6

The same questions in other papers

Sesbania · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

Sesbania · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

fertilization · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results