Abstract
To evaluate the effects of nitrogen rate and bio-fertilizer application on grain, milling, and head rice yields, a field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Iran, in 2013. The experimental design was a factorial treatment arrangement in a randomized complete block with three replicates. Factors were three N rates (0, 75, and 150 kg ha-1) and two bio-fertilizer applications (inoculation and uninoculation with Nitroxin, a liquid bio-fertilizer containing Azospirillum spp. and Azotobacter spp. bacteria). Analysis of variance showed that rice grain yield, panicle number per m2, grain number per panicle, flag leaves area, biological yield, grains N concentration and uptake, grain protein concentration, and head rice yield were significantly affected by N rate, while bio-fertilizer application had significant effect on rice grain yield, grain number per panicle, flag leaves area, biological yield, harvest index, grains N concentration and uptake, and grain protein concentration. Results showed that regardless of bio-fertilizer application, rice grain and biological yields were significantly increased as N application rate increased from 0 to 75 kg ha-1, but did not significantly increase at the higher N rate (150 kg ha-1). Grain yield was significantly increased following bio-fertilizer application when averaged across N rates. Grains N concentration and uptake were significantly increased as N rate increased up to 75 kg ha-1, but further increases in N rate had no significant effect on these traits. Bio-fertilizer application increased significantly grains N concentration and uptake, when averaged across N rates. Regardless of bio-fertilizer application, head rice yield was significantly increased from 56 % to 60 % when N rate increased from 0 to 150 kg ha-1. Therefore, this experiment illustrated that rice grain and head yields increased with increasing N rate, while bio-fertilizer application increased only rice grain yield.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate significantly affected rice grain yield, panicle number per m2 and grain number per panicle.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- N ratee1
- Outcome
- rice grain yield, panicle number per m2, grain number per paniclee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice grain yield, panicle number per m2, grain number per panicle, flag leaves area, biological yield, grains N concentration and uptake, grain protein concentration, and head rice yield were significantly affected by N rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate significantly affected flag leaf area, biological yield and grain N concentration and uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- N ratee1
- Outcome
- flag leaves area, biological yield, grains N concentration and uptakee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice grain yield, panicle number per m2, grain number per panicle, flag leaves area, biological yield, grains N concentration and uptake, grain protein concentration, and head rice yield were significantly affected by N rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate significantly affected grain protein concentration and head rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- N ratee1
- Outcome
- grain protein concentration, and head rice yielde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice grain yield, panicle number per m2, grain number per panicle, flag leaves area, biological yield, grains N concentration and uptake, grain protein concentration, and head rice yield were significantly affected by N rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizer application significantly affected rice grain yield, grain number per panicle and flag leaf area.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizer applicatione1
- Outcome
- rice grain yield, grain number per panicle, flag leaves areae1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bio-fertilizer application had significant effect on rice grain yield, grain number per panicle, flag leaves area, biological yield, harvest index, grains N concentration and uptake, and grain protein concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizer application significantly affected biological yield, harvest index and grain N concentration and uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizer applicatione1
- Outcome
- biological yield, harvest index, grains N concentration and uptakee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bio-fertilizer application had significant effect on rice grain yield, grain number per panicle, flag leaves area, biological yield, harvest index, grains N concentration and uptake, and grain protein concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizer application significantly affected grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizer applicatione1
- Outcome
- grain protein concentratione1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bio-fertilizer application had significant effect on rice grain yield, grain number per panicle, flag leaves area, biological yield, harvest index, grains N concentration and uptake, and grain protein concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain and biological yields increased significantly when N rate rose from 0 to 75 kg ha-1, regardless of bio-fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- N application rate increased from 0 to 75 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- rice grain and biological yieldse1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice grain and biological yields were significantly increased as N application rate increased from 0 to 75 kg ha-1, but did not significantly increase at the higher N rate (150 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain and biological yields did not increase significantly at the higher N rate of 150 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- higher N rate (150 kg ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- rice grain and biological yieldse1
- Direction
- did not significantly increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rice grain and biological yields were significantly increased as N application rate increased from 0 to 75 kg ha-1, but did not significantly increase at the higher N rate (150 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield increased significantly with bio-fertilizer application, averaged across N rates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizer applicatione1
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“head rice yields”
e1“Grain yield was significantly increased following bio-fertilizer application when averaged across N rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N concentration and uptake increased significantly as N rate rose up to 75 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N rate increased up to 75 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- Grains N concentration and uptakee1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“head rice yields”
e1“Grains N concentration and uptake were significantly increased as N rate increased up to 75 kg ha-1, but further increases in N rate had no significant effect on these traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Further increases in N rate beyond 75 kg ha-1 had no significant effect on grain N concentration and uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- further increases in N ratee1
- Outcome
- Grains N concentration and uptakee1
- Direction
- no significant effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“head rice yields”
e1“Grains N concentration and uptake were significantly increased as N rate increased up to 75 kg ha-1, but further increases in N rate had no significant effect on these traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizer application significantly increased grain N concentration and uptake, averaged across N rates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Bio-fertilizer applicatione1
- Outcome
- grains N concentration and uptakee1
- Direction
- increased significantlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“head rice yields”
e1“Bio-fertilizer application increased significantly grains N concentration and uptake, when averaged across N rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Head rice yield increased significantly from 56 % to 60 % as N rate rose from 0 to 150 kg ha-1, regardless of bio-fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- N rate increased from 0 to 150 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- head rice yielde1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
- Value
- 56 % to 60 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“head rice yield was significantly increased from 56 % to 60 % when N rate increased from 0 to 150 kg ha-1”
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