Abstract
Experiments were conducted at the University Agricultural Research Farm for the two consecutive years, 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 to study the individual and interactive effects of different plant symbionts (Glomus fasciculatum, Mesorhizobium ciceri), bio-organic waste (Avena sativa straw) and antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma harzianum in all possible combinations for biocontrol of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting chickpea var. Avrodhi. Biocontrol agents and organic wastes were evaluated for their efficacy in terms of growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, nutrients status, mycorrhization and nematode-related parameters. Combined treatments resulted in higher plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll and nutrient status (N, P and K). Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma harzianum @ 106 spores plant−1 proved to be most effective of all the plant symbionts (G. fasciculatum, M. ciceri) and organic waste in suppressing the nematode-related parameters in chickpea plants. Of all the treatments, combined inoculation of AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum @ 800 spores plant−1) + root-nodulating bacteria (Mesorhizobium ciceri @ 1gplant−1) + organic waste (Avena sativa straw @ 10gplant−1) and antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma harzianum @ 106 spores plant−1) was found to be the most efficient in improving the plant growth parameters and decreasing the root-knot development of M. incognita in chickpea plants.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments increased chickpea growth and biomass.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- Combined treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
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Meloidogyne incognitae1pathogen - Outcome
- plant growth, biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Combined treatments resulted in higher plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll and nutrient status (N, P and K).”
e1“Meloidogyne incognita infecting chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments increased chickpea chlorophyll and nutrient status.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Combined treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and nutrient status (N, P and K)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined treatments resulted in higher plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll and nutrient status (N, P and K).”
e1“Meloidogyne incognita infecting chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective treatment for suppressing nematode parameters.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianum @ 106 spores plant−1e0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- nematode-related parameterse0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
- Comparator
- plant symbionts (G. fasciculatum, M. ciceri) and organic wastee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma harzianum @ 106 spores plant−1 proved to be most effective of all the plant symbionts (G. fasciculatum, M. ciceri) and organic waste in suppressing the nematode-related parameters in chickpea plants”
e1“Meloidogyne incognita infecting chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The four-component combination was most efficient at improving chickpea growth.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- combined inoculation of AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum @ 800 spores plant−1) + root-nodulating bacteria (Mesorhizobium ciceri @ 1gplant−1) + organic waste (Avena sativa straw @ 10gplant−1) and antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma harzianum @ 106 spores plant−1)e0
- Interactor
- Glomus fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Mesorhizobium ciceriMesorhizobium cicerie0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- Trichoderma harzianume0
- Comparator
- all the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined inoculation of AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum @ 800 spores plant−1) + root-nodulating bacteria (Mesorhizobium ciceri @ 1gplant−1) + organic waste (Avena sativa straw @ 10gplant−1) and antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma harzianum @ 106 spores plant−1) was found to be the most efficient in improving the plant growth parameters and decreasing the root-knot development of M. incognita in chickpea plants”
e1“Of all the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The four-component combination was most efficient at reducing chickpea root-knot development.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- combined inoculation of AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum @ 800 spores plant−1) + root-nodulating bacteria (Mesorhizobium ciceri @ 1gplant−1) + organic waste (Avena sativa straw @ 10gplant−1) and antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma harzianum @ 106 spores plant−1)e0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root-knot development of M. incognitae0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- Glomus fasciculatume0
- Comparator
- all the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined inoculation of AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum @ 800 spores plant−1) + root-nodulating bacteria (Mesorhizobium ciceri @ 1gplant−1) + organic waste (Avena sativa straw @ 10gplant−1) and antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma harzianum @ 106 spores plant−1) was found to be the most efficient in improving the plant growth parameters and decreasing the root-knot development of M. incognita in chickpea plants”
e1“Of all the treatments”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.