Abstract
The fertilizer management and the selection of rice cultivars play a vital role in rice production to maximize yield and minimize fertilizer cost. Many researches have elucidated the combined increase of nitrogen (N) accumulation and N use efficiency (NUE) in different rice genotypes, however, the accumulation, translocation, distribution of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and the correlation of N, P and K absorption characteristics and their relationships with grain yield in rice cultivars with different NUE is still obscure. For this purpose, two rice cultivars differing in NUE were chosen for this study, one with high-NUE (Dexiang 4103) and the other with low-NUE (Yixiang 3724). Fertilizers were applied at three levels, including low (75 kg N·hm-2, 37.5 kg P2O5·hm-2, 75 kg K2O·hm-2), medium (150 kg N·hm-2, 75 kg P2O5·hm-2, 150 kg K2O·hm-2), high rate (225 kg N·hm-2, 112.5 kg P2O5·hm-2, 225 kg K2O·hm-2). A no-N treatment was included for each level as the control. The results showed that there were obvious interacting effects of cultivars and fertilizer levels on grain yield, as well as the absorption and translocation of P and K. Rice cultivars exhibited markedly stronger effects on total spikelets and the translocation of P and K in leaves, compared to fertilizer levels. The opposite trend was observed for grain yield, P and K accumulation at the main growth stages, and P and K translocation in stem and leaf sheaths. Compared with other treatments, the combined application of NPK fertilizers at medium level promoted nutrient accumulation, increased the nutrient harvest index, facilitated nutrient translocation in vegetative organs, and ultimately improved grain yield in both cultivars. The equilibrium relationship between N, P and K accumulation and grain yield indicated that the grain yield associated with high-NUE cultivar could reach more than 10,000 kg hm-2, with N, P, and K requirements of 180.8-213.3, 47.3-54.7, and 223.5-259.1 kg hm-2, respectively. Additionally, the correlation analysis revealed that accumulation and translocation of P, K during different growth stages was significantly (P < 0.05) related to grain yield and nutrient accumulation in different NUE cultivars. This study suggested that varieties with high-NUE also has high P and K use efficiencies, indicating that the conventional screening of varieties with high P or K use efficiencies can be included in the selection of high-NUE varieties. The increase of P and K accumulation and translocation during the period from heading to maturity was helpful to maintain a high-yield and NUE in rice production.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar and fertilizer level interacted in effects on grain yield, phosphorus absorption, potassium absorption, and their translocation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- cultivarse0
- Treatment
- fertilizer levelse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were obvious interacting effects of cultivars and fertilizer levels on grain yield, as well as the absorption and translocation of P and K”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar affected total spikelets and leaf phosphorus and potassium translocation more strongly than fertilizer level.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- total spikelets and the translocation of P and K in leavese0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- fertilizer levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice cultivars exhibited markedly stronger effects on total spikelets and the translocation of P and K in leaves, compared to fertilizer levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer level affected grain yield more strongly than cultivar.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fertilizert0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The opposite trend was observed for grain yield, P and K accumulation at the main growth stages, and P and K translocation in stem and leaf sheaths”
t0“Fertilizer Levels on the Absorption, Translocation, and Distribution of Phosphorus and Potassium in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer level affected phosphorus and potassium accumulation and stem and sheath translocation more strongly than cultivar.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fertilizert0
- Outcome
- P and K accumulation at the main growth stagese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The opposite trend was observed for grain yield, P and K accumulation at the main growth stages, and P and K translocation in stem and leaf sheaths”
t0“Fertilizer Levels on the Absorption, Translocation, and Distribution of Phosphorus and Potassium in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium NPK application promoted nutrient accumulation in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NPK fertilizers at medium levele0
- Outcome
- nutrient accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of NPK fertilizers at medium level promoted nutrient accumulation”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium NPK application increased nutrient harvest index in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NPK fertilizers at medium levele1
- Outcome
- nutrient harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the nutrient harvest index”
e1“the combined application of NPK fertilizers at medium level”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium NPK application facilitated nutrient translocation in vegetative organs.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NPK fertilizers at medium levele1
- Outcome
- nutrient translocation in vegetative organse0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“facilitated nutrient translocation in vegetative organs”
e1“the combined application of NPK fertilizers at medium level”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium NPK application improved grain yield in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NPK fertilizers at medium levele1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ultimately improved grain yield in both cultivars”
e1“the combined application of NPK fertilizers at medium level”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The high NUE cultivar could yield over 10,000 kg hm-2 with stated nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- high-NUE cultivare0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reach more thane0
- Value
- more than 10,000 kg hm-2e0
- Qualifier
- N, P, and K requirements of 180.8-213.3, 47.3-54.7, and 223.5-259.1 kg hm-2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield associated with high-NUE cultivar could reach more than 10,000 kg hm-2, with N, P, and K requirements of 180.8-213.3, 47.3-54.7, and 223.5-259.1 kg hm-2, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and potassium accumulation and translocation were significantly related to grain yield and nutrient accumulation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- different NUE cultivarse0
- Outcome
- grain yield and nutrient accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- accumulation and translocation of P, K during different growth stagese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accumulation and translocation of P, K during different growth stages was significantly (P < 0.05) related to grain yield and nutrient accumulation in different NUE cultivars”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that high NUE varieties also have high phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- high-NUEe0
- Outcome
- high P and K use efficienciese0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“varieties with high-NUE also has high P and K use efficiencies”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend including phosphorus or potassium use efficiency in selection of high NUE varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- selection of high-NUE varietiese0
- Qualifier
- high P or K use efficienciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the conventional screening of varieties with high P or K use efficiencies can be included in the selection of high-NUE varieties”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that increased phosphorus and potassium accumulation and translocation from heading to maturity helps maintain high yield and NUE.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- heading to maturitye0
- Outcome
- high-yield and NUEe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- P and K accumulation and translocatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase of P and K accumulation and translocation during the period from heading to maturity was helpful to maintain a high-yield and NUE in rice production”
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