Abstract
The effects of cytokinin, auxin and gibberellins on kiwifruit development, alone and in combination, have been studied in a commercial kiwifruit orchard. Several parameters such as fruit weight were measured. The combination of three growth regulators (2,4-D, CPPU and GA3) applied 43 days after full bloom (at 25, 50 and 10 mg/kg, respectively) increased the yield expressed as fresh weight. Fruit size also increased but fruit shape did not change. Application of 2,4-D alone was the most effective treatment in increasing fruit size, weight and production, while application of CPPU alone produced smaller increases. Fruit treated with GA3 alone did not differ from controls. When growth regulators were applied together, combining two or all three, there was a positive synergistic effect which increased fruit size. All combinations increased kiwifruit growth in all cases shifting it towards larger commercial standard weights. In addition, fruit diameters and length were analyzed to obtain growth kinetic curves. Our fresh weight data fitted a monomolecular kinetic curve for all combinations, except when all three plant regulators were combined together, in which case values fitted to a linear model, while all the dry weight kinetic curves fitted a linear model.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The three regulator combination increased kiwifruit fresh-weight yield.
- Taxon
- KIWIFRUIT
Actinidia deliciosat0 - Treatment
- three growth regulators (2,4-D, CPPU and GA3)e0
- Outcome
- yield expressed as fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“KIWIFRUIT”
e0“The combination of three growth regulators (2,4-D, CPPU and GA3) applied 43 days after full bloom (at 25, 50 and 10 mg/kg, respectively) increased the yield expressed as fresh weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
The three regulator combination increased kiwifruit size.
- Taxon
- KIWIFRUITActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- three growth regulatorse1
- Outcome
- Fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“KIWIFRUIT”
e0“Fruit size also increased but fruit shape did not change.”
e1“The combination of three growth regulators (2,4-D, CPPU and GA3) applied 43 days after full bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
The three regulator combination did not change kiwifruit shape.
- Taxon
- KIWIFRUITActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- THREE PLANT GROWTH REGULATORSt0
- Outcome
- fruit shapee0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“EFFECTS OF THREE PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON KIWIFRUIT DEVELOPMENT”
e0“Fruit size also increased but fruit shape did not change.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D alone was the most effective treatment for increasing fruit size, weight and production.
- Taxon
- KIWIFRUITActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D alonee0
- Outcome
- fruit size, weight and productione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- CPPU alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“KIWIFRUIT”
e0“Application of 2,4-D alone was the most effective treatment in increasing fruit size, weight and production, while application of CPPU alone produced smaller increases.”
Claim · model-written summary
CPPU alone produced smaller increases in kiwifruit size, weight and production.
- Taxon
- KIWIFRUITActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- CPPU alonee0
- Outcome
- fruit size, weight and productione0
- Direction
- smaller increasese0
- Comparator
- 2,4-D alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“KIWIFRUIT”
e0“Application of 2,4-D alone was the most effective treatment in increasing fruit size, weight and production, while application of CPPU alone produced smaller increases.”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 alone did not differ from controls.
- Taxon
- KIWIFRUITActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- GA3 alonee0
- Outcome
- Fruite0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“KIWIFRUIT”
e0“Fruit treated with GA3 alone did not differ from controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining two or three regulators had a positive synergistic effect on fruit size.
- Taxon
- KIWIFRUITActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- combining two or all threee0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“KIWIFRUIT”
e0“When growth regulators were applied together, combining two or all three, there was a positive synergistic effect which increased fruit size.”
Claim · model-written summary
All regulator combinations increased kiwifruit growth and shifted fruit toward larger commercial standard weights.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- All combinationse0
- Outcome
- kiwifruit growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All combinations increased kiwifruit growth in all cases shifting it towards larger commercial standard weights.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight followed a monomolecular kinetic curve for combinations other than all three regulators.
- Taxon
- KIWIFRUITActinidia deliciosat0
- Outcome
- fresh weight data fitted a monomolecular kinetic curvee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“KIWIFRUIT”
e0“Our fresh weight data fitted a monomolecular kinetic curve for all combinations, except when all three plant regulators were combined together, in which case values fitted to a linear model, while all the dry weight kinetic curves fitted a linear model.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight followed a linear model when all three regulators were combined.
- Taxon
- KIWIFRUITActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- all three plant regulators were combined togethere0
- Outcome
- values fitted to a linear modele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“KIWIFRUIT”
e0“except when all three plant regulators were combined together, in which case values fitted to a linear model”
Claim · model-written summary
All dry-weight kinetic curves fitted a linear model.
- Taxon
- KIWIFRUITActinidia deliciosat0
- Outcome
- dry weight kinetic curves fitted a linear modele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“KIWIFRUIT”
e0“all the dry weight kinetic curves fitted a linear model”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.