Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a limiting factor for the normal growth and development of plants, and many species have evolved sophisticated systems for adaptation to Fe-deficient environments. It is still unclear how plants sense Fe status and coordinate the expression of genes responsive to Fe deficiency. In this study, we show that the bHLH transcription factor bHLH115 is a positive regulator of the Fe-deficiency response. Loss-of-function of bHLH115 causes strong Fe-deficiency symptoms and alleviates expression of genes responsive to Fe deficiency, whereas its overexpression causes the opposite effect. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that bHLH115 binds to the promoters of the Fe-deficiency-responsive genes bHLH38/39/100/101 and POPEYE (PYE), which suggests redundant molecular functions with bHLH34, bHLH104, and bHLH105. This is further supported by the fact that the bhlh115-1 mutant was complemented by overexpression of any of bHLH34, bHLH104, bHLH105, and bHLH115. Further investigations determined that bHLH115 could interact with itself and with bHLH34, bHLH104, and bHLH105. Their differential tissue-specific expression patterns and the severe Fe deficiency symptoms of multiple mutants supported their non-redundant biological functions. Genetic analysis revealed that bHLH115 is negatively regulated by BRUTUS (BTS), an E3 ligase that can interact with bHLH115. Thus, bHLH115 plays key roles in the maintenance of Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of bHLH115 caused strong iron deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- Loss-of-function of bHLH115e0
- Gene
- bHLH115e0
- Outcome
- Fe-deficiency symptomse0
- Direction
- stronge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Loss-of-function of bHLH115 causes strong Fe-deficiency symptoms”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of bHLH115 reduced expression of iron deficiency responsive genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Loss-of-function of bHLH115e0
- Gene
- bHLH115e0
- Outcome
- expression of genes responsive to Fe deficiencye0
- Direction
- alleviatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Loss-of-function of bHLH115 causes strong Fe-deficiency symptoms and alleviates expression of genes responsive to Fe deficiency”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
bHLH115 overexpression had the opposite effect on deficiency symptoms and responsive gene expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- overexpressione0
- Gene
- bHLH115e1
- Outcome
- Fe-deficiency symptoms and alleviates expression of genes responsive to Fe deficiencye1
- Direction
- opposite effecte0
- Comparator
- Loss-of-function of bHLH115e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas its overexpression causes the opposite effect”
e1“Loss-of-function of bHLH115 causes strong Fe-deficiency symptoms and alleviates expression of genes responsive to Fe deficiency”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
bHLH115 bound promoters of bHLH38/39/100/101 and POPEYE.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- bHLH115e0
- Outcome
- binds to the promoters of the Fe-deficiency-responsive genes bHLH38/39/100/101 and POPEYE (PYE)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bHLH115 binds to the promoters of the Fe-deficiency-responsive genes bHLH38/39/100/101 and POPEYE (PYE)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of bHLH34, bHLH104, bHLH105 or bHLH115 complemented bhlh115-1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- bhlh115-1 mutante0
- Treatment
- overexpression of any of bHLH34, bHLH104, bHLH105, and bHLH115e0
- Outcome
- complementede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bhlh115-1 mutant was complemented by overexpression of any of bHLH34, bHLH104, bHLH105, and bHLH115”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
bHLH115 interacted with itself and bHLH34, bHLH104 and bHLH105.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- bHLH115e0
- Outcome
- interact with itself and with bHLH34, bHLH104, and bHLH105e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bHLH115 could interact with itself and with bHLH34, bHLH104, and bHLH105”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
These bHLH genes had differential tissue specific expression patterns.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- bHLH115e1
- Outcome
- differential tissue-specific expression patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their differential tissue-specific expression patterns”
e1“bHLH115 could interact with itself and with bHLH34, bHLH104, and bHLH105”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple mutants showed severe iron deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- multiple mutantse0
- Outcome
- severe Fe deficiency symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the severe Fe deficiency symptoms of multiple mutants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
BRUTUS negatively regulated bHLH115.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- BRUTUS (BTS)e0
- Outcome
- bHLH115 is negatively regulatede0
- Direction
- negatively regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bHLH115 is negatively regulated by BRUTUS (BTS)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
BRUTUS interacted with bHLH115.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- BRUTUS (BTS)e1
- Outcome
- interact with bHLH115e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an E3 ligase that can interact with bHLH115”
e1“BRUTUS (BTS)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
69 papers more in this group
See all 73 papers →loss of function · disease · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
78 papers more in this group
See all 82 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.