Abstract
Appropriate use of abscisic acid (ABA), a well‐known plant growth regulator, could be beneficial to crop production under certain environmental conditions. A field experiment was conducted in both 2008 and 2009 to determine the appropriate level of ABA and the growth stages at which sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) are sensitive to exogenous application of ABA. Sunflowers grown in fully irrigated plots or in plots receiving limited irrigation were sprayed with 0, 5, and 10 μM ABA at the bud initiation or early flowering. Growth and yield of sunflower were severely reduced ( P < 0.05) by limited irrigation. When irrigation was withheld at the bud initiation, foliar spray of ABA at 5 μM increased ( P < 0.05) crop growth rate (6%) and leaf area index (16%) at flowering, and total biomass production (14%), leading to increased achene yield by up to 27% and oil yield by 24%. However, achene and oil yields were often reduced by ABA treatment under drought‐free conditions. More improvement of ABA application in growth and yield was observed when drought occurred at bud initiation stage, and when ABA was applied to drought‐prone sunflower at 5 μM than at 10 μM concentrations. Our study suggests that timely application of 5 μM ABA could improve sunflower productivity under drought‐prone conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Limited irrigation severely reduced sunflower growth and yield.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- limited irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth and yield of sunflower were severely reduced ( P < 0.05) by limited irrigation.”
Claim · model-written summary
With irrigation withheld at bud initiation, 5 μM ABA increased sunflower crop growth rate by 6% at flowering.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- foliar spray of ABA at 5 μMe0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Qualifier
- irrigation was withheld at the bud initiatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When irrigation was withheld at the bud initiation, foliar spray of ABA at 5 μM increased ( P < 0.05) crop growth rate (6%) and leaf area index (16%) at flowering”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
With irrigation withheld at bud initiation, 5 μM ABA increased sunflower leaf area index by 16% at flowering.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- foliar spray of ABA at 5 μMe0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- at floweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When irrigation was withheld at the bud initiation, foliar spray of ABA at 5 μM increased ( P < 0.05) crop growth rate (6%) and leaf area index (16%) at flowering”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under withheld irrigation, 5 μM ABA increased sunflower total biomass production by 14%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Treatment
- foliar spray of ABA at 5 μMe1
- Outcome
- total biomass productione0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total biomass production (14%), leading to increased achene yield by up to 27% and oil yield by 24%”
e1“foliar spray of ABA at 5 μM increased”
e2“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under withheld irrigation, 5 μM ABA increased sunflower achene yield by up to 27%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Treatment
- foliar spray of ABA at 5 μMe1
- Outcome
- achene yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to increased achene yield by up to 27% and oil yield by 24%”
e1“foliar spray of ABA at 5 μM increased”
e2“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under withheld irrigation, 5 μM ABA increased sunflower oil yield by 24%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Treatment
- foliar spray of ABA at 5 μMe1
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to increased achene yield by up to 27% and oil yield by 24%”
e1“foliar spray of ABA at 5 μM increased”
e2“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment often reduced sunflower achene yield under drought-free conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- achenee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- drought‐free conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“achene and oil yields were often reduced by ABA treatment under drought‐free conditions”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment often reduced sunflower oil yield under drought-free conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- oil yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- drought‐free conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“achene and oil yields were often reduced by ABA treatment under drought‐free conditions”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA improved sunflower growth and yield more when drought occurred at bud initiation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Organ / stage
- bud initiation stagee0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- More improvemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More improvement of ABA application in growth and yield was observed when drought occurred at bud initiation stage”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
For drought-prone sunflower, 5 μM ABA improved growth and yield more than 10 μM ABA.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- ABA was applied to drought‐prone sunflower at 5 μMe0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- More improvemente0
- Comparator
- 10 μMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More improvement of ABA application in growth and yield was observed when drought occurred at bud initiation stage, and when ABA was applied to drought‐prone sunflower at 5 μM than at 10 μM concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest timely 5 μM ABA application to improve sunflower productivity under drought-prone conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- timely application of 5 μM ABAe0
- Outcome
- sunflower productivitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- drought‐prone conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“timely application of 5 μM ABA could improve sunflower productivity under drought‐prone conditions”
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See all 165 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.