Abstract
Light conditions can cause quantitative and qualitative changes in anthocyanin. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of light quality-regulated anthocyanin accumulation in fruits. In this study, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were applied to explore the effect of red and blue light on strawberry coloration. The results showed contents of total anthocyanins (TA), pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg3G) and pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (Pg3MG) significantly increased after blue and red light treatment. Pg3G was the major anthocyanin component in strawberry fruits, accounting for more than 80% of TA, whereas Pg3MG accounted for a smaller proportion. Comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted using libraries from the treated strawberries. A total of 1402, 5034, and 3764 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three pairwise comparisons (red light versus white light, RL-VS-WL; blue light versus white light, BL-VS-WL; blue light versus red light, BL-VS-RL), respectively. Photoreceptors and light transduction components remained dynamic to up-regulate the expression of regulatory factors and structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis under red and white light, whereas most genes had low expression levels that were not consistent with the highest total anthocyanin content under blue light. Therefore, the results indicated that light was an essential environmental factor for anthocyanin biosynthesis before the anthocyanin concentration reached saturation in strawberry fruits, and blue light could quickly stimulate the accumulation of anthocyanin in the fruit. In addition, red light might contribute to the synthesis of proanthocyanidins by inducing LAR and ANR.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
total anthocyanins (TA) increased after blue and red light treatment.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- blue and red light treatmente0
- Outcome
- total anthocyanins (TA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“contents of total anthocyanins (TA), pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg3G) and pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (Pg3MG) significantly increased after blue and red light treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg3G) increased after blue and red light treatment.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- blue and red light treatmente0
- Outcome
- pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg3G)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“contents of total anthocyanins (TA), pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg3G) and pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (Pg3MG) significantly increased after blue and red light treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (Pg3MG) increased after blue and red light treatment.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- blue and red light treatmente0
- Outcome
- pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (Pg3MG)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“contents of total anthocyanins (TA), pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg3G) and pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (Pg3MG) significantly increased after blue and red light treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pg3G was the major fruit anthocyanin and exceeded 80% of total anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Outcome
- major anthocyanin componente0
- Value
- more than 80%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“Pg3G was the major anthocyanin component in strawberry fruits, accounting for more than 80% of TA”
Claim · model-written summary
Pg3MG accounted for a smaller anthocyanin proportion.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- smaller proportione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“Pg3MG accounted for a smaller proportion”
Claim · model-written summary
1402 differentially expressed genes were found for red light versus white light.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- differentially-expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 1402e0
- Comparator
- red light versus white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“A total of 1402, 5034, and 3764 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three pairwise comparisons (red light versus white light, RL-VS-WL; blue light versus white light, BL-VS-WL; blue light versus red light, BL-VS-RL), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
5034 differentially expressed genes were found for blue light versus white light.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- differentially-expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 5034e0
- Comparator
- blue light versus white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“A total of 1402, 5034, and 3764 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three pairwise comparisons (red light versus white light, RL-VS-WL; blue light versus white light, BL-VS-WL; blue light versus red light, BL-VS-RL), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
3764 differentially expressed genes were found for blue light versus red light.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- differentially-expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 3764e0
- Comparator
- blue light versus red lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“A total of 1402, 5034, and 3764 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three pairwise comparisons (red light versus white light, RL-VS-WL; blue light versus white light, BL-VS-WL; blue light versus red light, BL-VS-RL), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under red and white light, photoreceptors and light transduction components up-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- red and white lighte0
- Outcome
- expression of regulatory factors and structural genese0
- Qualifier
- Photoreceptors and light transduction componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“Photoreceptors and light transduction components remained dynamic to up-regulate the expression of regulatory factors and structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis under red and white light”
Claim · model-written summary
Most genes had low expression under blue light despite the highest total anthocyanin content.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- low expression levelse0
- Qualifier
- highest total anthocyanin contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“most genes had low expression levels that were not consistent with the highest total anthocyanin content under blue light”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light could quickly stimulate fruit anthocyanin accumulation.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- accumulation of anthocyanine0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“blue light could quickly stimulate the accumulation of anthocyanin in the fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light might promote proanthocyanidin synthesis by inducing LAR and ANR.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- red lighte0
- Gene
- LAR and ANRe0
- Outcome
- synthesis of proanthocyanidinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)”
e0“red light might contribute to the synthesis of proanthocyanidins by inducing LAR and ANR”
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