Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2014–2015 and 2015–16 at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of weed-management options and nitrogen scheduling on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Common infesting weeds which appeared in wheat field were Phalaris minor Retz. and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. among grasses, and Chenopodium album L., Anagallis arvensis L., Melilotus alba Medik. and Convolvulus arvensis L. as broad-leaf weeds. Moreover, among sedges, only 1 species, Cyperus rotundus L. was observed. Among the weed-management options, mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (400 g/ha) with higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha) applied in 3 spilt applications [50% as basal + 25% at crown-root initation (CRI) + 25% at flowering] proved significantly superior in minimizing the density (33%) and biomass of weeds (34%) at 60 days after sowing (DAS). The former treatment increased the leaf-area index (LAI) and SPAD values that elevated the production of wheat grain yield. Among time of nitrogen application, 3 splits (50% as basal + 25% at CRI + 25% at flowering) enhanced the nutrient-uptake efficiency (27.4%) and total nutri ent uptake (40.2%) by crop than 3 equal splits at sowing (basal), CRI and flowering. Higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha) resulted in higher yield (15.7%) and nutrient uptake (13.4%) than its lower dose. Thus, application of ready-mixed post-emergence herbicides, i.e. mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (400 g/ha) with higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha) applied 50% as basal and 25% top-dressed at CRI and 25% at flowering was most effective with re spect to weed-suppression, yield and economics of wheat.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl sodium with higher nitrogen significantly minimized weed density at 60 DAS.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (400 g/ha) with higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha)e1
- Interactor
- weedse2weed
- Outcome
- densitye2
- Direction
- minimizinge2
- Value
- 33%e2
- Qualifier
- at 60 days after sowing (DAS)e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (400 g/ha) with higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha)”
e2“proved significantly superior in minimizing the density (33%) and biomass of weeds (34%) at 60 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl sodium with higher nitrogen significantly minimized weed biomass at 60 DAS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (400 g/ha) with higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha)e1
- Interactor
- weedse2weed
- Outcome
- biomass of weedse2
- Direction
- minimizinge2
- Value
- 34%e2
- Qualifier
- at 60 days after sowing (DAS)e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (400 g/ha) with higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha)”
e2“proved significantly superior in minimizing the density (33%) and biomass of weeds (34%) at 60 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
The former treatment increased leaf-area index and SPAD values in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- The former treatmente3
- Outcome
- leaf-area index (LAI) and SPAD valuese3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“The former treatment increased the leaf-area index (LAI) and SPAD values that elevated the production of wheat grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The former treatment elevated wheat grain yield production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- The former treatmente3
- Outcome
- production of wheat grain yielde3
- Direction
- elevatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“The former treatment increased the leaf-area index (LAI) and SPAD values that elevated the production of wheat grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nitrogen splits (50% basal, 25% at CRI, 25% at flowering) enhanced nutrient-uptake efficiency by 27.4% relative to three equal splits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 3 splits (50% as basal + 25% at CRI + 25% at flowering)e5
- Outcome
- nutrient-uptake efficiencye5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 27.4%e5
- Comparator
- 3 equal splits at sowing (basal), CRI and floweringe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“3 splits (50% as basal + 25% at CRI + 25% at flowering) enhanced the nutrient-uptake efficiency (27.4%) and total nutri ent uptake (40.2%) by crop than 3 equal splits at sowing (basal), CRI and flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nitrogen splits (50% basal, 25% at CRI, 25% at flowering) enhanced total nutrient uptake by 40.2% relative to three equal splits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 3 splits (50% as basal + 25% at CRI + 25% at flowering)e5
- Outcome
- total nutri ent uptakee5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 40.2%e5
- Comparator
- 3 equal splits at sowing (basal), CRI and floweringe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“3 splits (50% as basal + 25% at CRI + 25% at flowering) enhanced the nutrient-uptake efficiency (27.4%) and total nutri ent uptake (40.2%) by crop than 3 equal splits at sowing (basal), CRI and flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen dose (150 kg N/ha) gave 15.7% higher wheat yield than the lower dose.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha)e6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 15.7%e6
- Comparator
- its lower dosee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“Higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha) resulted in higher yield (15.7%) and nutrient uptake (13.4%) than its lower dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen dose (150 kg N/ha) gave 13.4% higher nutrient uptake than the lower dose.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha)e6
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 13.4%e6
- Comparator
- its lower dosee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“Higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha) resulted in higher yield (15.7%) and nutrient uptake (13.4%) than its lower dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Ready-mixed post-emergence mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron with higher nitrogen is the most effective option for weed suppression, yield and economics of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- application of ready-mixed post-emergence herbicides, i.e. mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (400 g/ha) with higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha)e7
- Outcome
- weed-suppression, yield and economicse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“was most effective with re spect to weed-suppression, yield and economics of wheat”
e7“application of ready-mixed post-emergence herbicides, i.e. mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (400 g/ha) with higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.