Abstract
The effects of seeding rate, row spacing and phosphate fertilizer on yields, certain yield components, and quality factors of wheat and canola (rapeseed) w.ere investigated in field plots over a 4-year period. Seed rates were 3, 6, and 9 kg/ha and 45, 90, and 135 kg/ha, respectively, for rapeseed and wheat, both seeded at row spacings of 10, 20, and 30 cm. Phosphate fertilizer was applied at 0 and 25 kg/ha P2O5 placed with the seed. The study was carried out on a Dark Brown Scott loam and a Dark Brown Sutherland clay. Although actual yield and yield differences varied from year to year in response to climatic conditions, highest yields were obtained at the narrowest (10 cm) row spacing, and yields decreased as row spacing increased. Effects of seeding rates on yields varied with years. Under generally favorable moisture conditions, yields of wheat increased with increasing seeding rate. Increased seeding rate reduced yield of rapeseed slightly in one year, but generally had little effect on yields. Plant populations of wheat and rapeseed were higher at narrow row spacing than at wider spacings, and plant populations generally increased with increased seeding rate. The effect of seeding rate and row spacing on protein and P contents in grain of wheat and rapeseed were variable. Phosphate fertilizer placed with the seed of wheat had no significant effect on plant populations, but yields were increased substantially. Fertilizer reduced plant stands of rapeseed, and at the wide row spacings the effect was large enough to prevent a yield increase from the applied phosphate.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield was highest at 10 cm spacing and declined at wider spacings.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 10 cme0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- row spacing increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest yields were obtained at the narrowest (10 cm) row spacing, and yields decreased as row spacing increased.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola yield was highest at 10 cm spacing and declined at wider spacings.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0 - Treatment
- 10 cme0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- row spacing increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“highest yields were obtained at the narrowest (10 cm) row spacing, and yields decreased as row spacing increased.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield rose with seeding rate under favorable moisture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- yields of wheate0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- generally favorable moisture conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under generally favorable moisture conditions, yields of wheat increased with increasing seeding rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate slightly reduced rapeseed yield in one year.
- Taxon
- rapeseede0
- Treatment
- Increased seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- yield of rapeseede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in one yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Increased seeding rate reduced yield of rapeseed slightly in one year”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapeseed seeding rate generally had little yield effect.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“but generally had little effect on yields.”
e1“Increased seeding rate reduced yield of rapeseed slightly in one year”
t0“seed rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow row spacing increased wheat plant populations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- narrow row spacinge0
- Outcome
- Plant populations of wheate0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wider spacingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant populations of wheat and rapeseed were higher at narrow row spacing than at wider spacings”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow row spacing increased rapeseed plant populations.
Verbatim
e0“Plant populations of wheat and rapeseed were higher at narrow row spacing than at wider spacings”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant populations generally rose with seeding rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- plant populationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant populations generally increased with increased seeding rate.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of seeding rate and row spacing on grain protein and P contents varied.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- protein and P contents in graine0
- Qualifier
- variablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of seeding rate and row spacing on protein and P contents in grain of wheat and rapeseed were variable.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-placed phosphate had no significant effect on wheat plant populations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Phosphate fertilizer placed with the seede0
- Outcome
- plant populationse0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphate fertilizer placed with the seed of wheat had no significant effect on plant populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-placed phosphate substantially increased wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Phosphate fertilizer placed with the seede1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but yields were increased substantially.”
e1“Phosphate fertilizer placed with the seed of wheat had no significant effect on plant populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate fertilizer reduced rapeseed plant stands.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer reduced plant stands of rapeseed”
Claim · model-written summary
At wide row spacing, phosphate did not increase rapeseed yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“at the wide row spacings the effect was large enough to prevent a yield increase from the applied phosphate.”
e1“Fertilizer reduced plant stands of rapeseed”
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