Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of different levels of Phosphorous (P) alone and in combination with Humic acid (HA) on the yield and P accumulation by wheat(TriticumaestivumL, CV Fakhr-e-Sarhad)., a field experiment was carried out at agriculture research station of Swabi, Pakistan during 2016-2017. A total of eight treatments replicated four times were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the field. Two levels of HA including control (H0: control and H1: 500 g ha-1) and four levels of P (P2O5) including control as Single Super Phosphate (SSP) (P0: control, P1: 60 kg ha-1, P2: 90 kg ha-1, and P3: 150 kg ha-1) were utilized. ; Size of each plot was kept to 5x4 m. Addition of different levels of SSP alone and in combination with HA significantly (P<0.05) improved straw, grain and total wheat yield over control. HA in combination with 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 improved the grain yield by 22.4 and 6.5 % respectively as compared to the same amount of fertilizer applied alone. Total yield (Dry mass + Grains) of 20877 kg ha-1 was produced by the treatment P2H1 (90 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 500 g ha-1 HA) followed by the treatment P2H0, which were 78.69 and 75.03 % increases over the control. Significantly highest 1000- grain weight of 47.8 g was recorded in the treatment P2H1 while all other treatments showed non-significant increase in 1000- grain weight. Unlike soil pH values, improvement in the Soil Organic Matter content (SOM) was observed with the application of both HA and chemical fertilizers either applied alone or in combination. SSP applied either alone or in combination with HA increased significantly (P<0.05) the post-harvest soil P concentration as well as P accumulation by wheat plants over control. Results suggest that application 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 reinforced with HA (P2H1) may be considered as an optimum dosage for achieving optimum yield of wheat crop.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
SSP alone or with HA significantly improved wheat straw yield over control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- different levels of SSP alone and in combination with HAe0
- Outcome
- strawe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of different levels of SSP alone and in combination with HA significantly (P<0.05) improved straw, grain and total wheat yield over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
SSP alone or with HA significantly improved wheat grain yield over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- different levels of SSP alone and in combination with HAe0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of different levels of SSP alone and in combination with HA significantly (P<0.05) improved straw, grain and total wheat yield over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
SSP alone or with HA significantly improved total wheat yield over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- different levels of SSP alone and in combination with HAe0
- Outcome
- total wheat yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of different levels of SSP alone and in combination with HA significantly (P<0.05) improved straw, grain and total wheat yield over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
HA with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 improved wheat grain yield 22.4% versus fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HA in combination with 60e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 22.4e0
- Comparator
- same amount of fertilizer applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HA in combination with 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 improved the grain yield by 22.4 and 6.5 % respectively as compared to the same amount of fertilizer applied alone.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
HA with 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 improved wheat grain yield 6.5% versus fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 90 kg P2O5 ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 6.5 %e0
- Comparator
- same amount of fertilizer applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HA in combination with 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 improved the grain yield by 22.4 and 6.5 % respectively as compared to the same amount of fertilizer applied alone.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P2H1 produced total wheat yield of 20877 kg ha-1, 78.69% over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P2H1 (90 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 500 g ha-1 HA)e0
- Outcome
- Total yield (Dry mass + Grains)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 20877 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total yield (Dry mass + Grains) of 20877 kg ha-1 was produced by the treatment P2H1 (90 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 500 g ha-1 HA) followed by the treatment P2H0, which were 78.69 and 75.03 % increases over the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P2H0 total wheat yield was 75.03% above control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P2H0e0
- Outcome
- treatment P2H0e0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 75.03 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment P2H0, which were 78.69 and 75.03 % increases over the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P2H1 had the significantly highest 1000-grain weight, 47.8 g.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P2H1e0
- Outcome
- 1000- grain weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 47.8 ge0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly highest 1000- grain weight of 47.8 g was recorded in the treatment P2H1 while all other treatments showed non-significant increase in 1000- grain weight.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Other treatments showed nonsignificant increases in 1000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- 1000- grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all other treatments showed non-significant increase in 1000- grain weight.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
HA and fertilizer alone or combined improved soil organic matter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- both HA and chemical fertilizers either applied alone or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- Soil Organic Matter content (SOM)e0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improvement in the Soil Organic Matter content (SOM) was observed with the application of both HA and chemical fertilizers either applied alone or in combination.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SSP alone or with HA significantly increased post-harvest soil P concentration over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SSP applied either alone or in combination with HAe0
- Outcome
- post-harvest soil P concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SSP applied either alone or in combination with HA increased significantly (P<0.05) the post-harvest soil P concentration as well as P accumulation by wheat plants over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
SSP alone or with HA significantly increased P accumulation by wheat over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SSP applied either alone or in combination with HAe0
- Outcome
- P accumulation by wheat plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SSP applied either alone or in combination with HA increased significantly (P<0.05) the post-harvest soil P concentration as well as P accumulation by wheat plants over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend P2H1 as an optimum wheat yield dose.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 reinforced with HA (P2H1)e0
- Outcome
- optimum dosage for achieving optimum yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 reinforced with HA (P2H1) may be considered as an optimum dosage for achieving optimum yield of wheat crop.”
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