Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran in 2014 to evaluate 20 wheat cultivars (Navid, Pishtaz, Karaj, Kavir, Tajan, Karun, sholeh, Bahar, Khoshki 11, Gasparood, Sepahan, Sorkh tokhm, Chamran, Ghods, Shariar, Omid, Sistan, Alamut, Marvdasht and Shiraz) under two carbon dioxide concentrations (the ambient 360 and the enriched 700 µM) and two salinity levels (0 and 150 mM NaCl). Treatments were arranged as a factorial in a completely random design with three replications. The results showed that salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%), chlorophyll a and b concentrations (27 and 30%, respectively), carotenoids concentration (21%), plant height (39%), leaf area (32%), root volume (40%), shoot and root dry weight (30% and 23%, respectively); however, it increased sodium concentration in the shoots and roots (36%). The extent of salt-induced decreases in the shoot dry weight of the evaluated cultivars ranged from 8 to 46%. Karaj and Marvdasht cultivars were the most and the least sensitive cultivars to salinity under both ambient and enriched carbon dioxide concentrations, respectively. The elevated carbon dioxide concentration increased potassium concentration in the shoots (except Sholeh, Ghods and Gasparood) and roots, chlorophyll and carotenoids concentrations, plant height, leaf area (except Shahriar), root volume, shoot (except Sistan and Omid), and root dry weight; however, it decreased sodium concentration in the shoots and roots. The highest and the lowest increases in the shoot dry weight under non saline condition were obtained for Karaj and Alamut (23 and 6%, respectively); under saline conditions, they were found in Chamran and Kavir (66 and 3%, respectively). The results obtained from this experiment showed that the elevated carbon dioxide concentration positively influenced the growth of most cultivars. This effect was more pronounced under saline conditions, indicating that carbon dioxide enrichment could alleviate, at least in part, the negative effects of salinity.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced shoot potassium by 27%.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- potassium concentration in shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced root potassium by 39%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced chlorophyll a by 27%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Value
- 27e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll a and b concentrations (27 and 30%, respectively)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced chlorophyll b by 30%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- b concentrationse0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll a and b concentrations (27 and 30%, respectively)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced carotenoids by 21%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- carotenoids concentratione0
- Value
- 21%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carotenoids concentration (21%)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced plant height by 39%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height (39%)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced leaf area by 32%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Value
- 32%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area (32%)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced root volume by 40%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- root volumee0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root volume (40%)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced shoot dry weight by 30%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weighte0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot and root dry weight (30% and 23%, respectively)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced root dry weight by 23%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot and root dry weight (30% and 23%, respectively)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased shoot and root sodium by 36%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- sodium concentration in the shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it increased sodium concentration in the shoots and roots (36%)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salinity decreased potassium concentration in shoots (27%) and roots (39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar shoot dry weight reductions under salinity ranged from 8 to 46%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 8 to 46%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-induced decreases in the shoot dry weight of the evaluated cultivars ranged from 8 to 46%”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Karaj was most sensitive and Marvdasht least sensitive to salinity at both CO2 concentrations.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Karaje0
- Outcome
- most and the least sensitive cultivars to salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Karaj and Marvdasht cultivars were the most and the least sensitive cultivars to salinity under both ambient and enriched carbon dioxide concentrations, respectively”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased potassium, pigments, growth traits and dry weights for most cultivars, with named exceptions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated carbon dioxide concentratione0
- Outcome
- potassium concentration in the shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except Sholeh, Ghods and Gasparoode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The elevated carbon dioxide concentration increased potassium concentration in the shoots (except Sholeh, Ghods and Gasparood) and roots, chlorophyll and carotenoids concentrations, plant height, leaf area (except Shahriar), root volume, shoot (except Sistan and Omid), and root dry weight”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced sodium concentration in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated carbon dioxide concentratione1
- Outcome
- sodium concentration in the shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it decreased sodium concentration in the shoots and roots”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“The elevated carbon dioxide concentration increased potassium concentration in the shoots (except Sholeh, Ghods and Gasparood) and roots, chlorophyll and carotenoids concentrations, plant height, leaf area (except Shahriar), root volume, shoot (except Sistan and Omid), and root dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Under non-saline conditions, Karaj had the highest shoot dry weight increase at 23%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest and the lowest increases in the shoot dry weight under non saline condition were obtained for Karaj and Alamut (23 and 6%, respectively)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Under non-saline conditions, Alamut had the lowest shoot dry weight increase at 6%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest and the lowest increases in the shoot dry weight under non saline condition were obtained for Karaj and Alamut (23 and 6%, respectively)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline conditions, Chamran had the highest shoot dry weight increase at 66%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Chamrane0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Value
- 66e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under saline conditions, they were found in Chamran and Kavir (66 and 3%, respectively)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salt-induced decreases in the shoot dry weight of the evaluated cultivars ranged from 8 to 46%”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline conditions, Kavir had the lowest shoot dry weight increase at 3%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Kavire0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Value
- 3%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under saline conditions, they were found in Chamran and Kavir (66 and 3%, respectively)”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
e1“salt-induced decreases in the shoot dry weight of the evaluated cultivars ranged from 8 to 46%”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded CO2 enrichment partly alleviated salinity effects on most wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- carbon dioxide enrichmente0
- Outcome
- negative effects of salinitye0
- Qualifier
- at least in parte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated carbon dioxide concentration positively influenced the growth of most cultivars. This effect was more pronounced under saline conditions, indicating that carbon dioxide enrichment could alleviate, at least in part, the negative effects of salinity”
t0“Wheat Cultivars”
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