Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), causing accountable losses of about 10-90 per cent. Present investigations on the disease (R. solanacearum) were carried out during 2014-15 to fulfill the objectives defined, at the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, VNMKV, Parbhani. A total of 10 organic amendments evaluated (pot culture) as pre- sowing soil applications were found effective against R. solanacearum. However, significantly highest seed germination was recorded with vermicompost (76.50 %), followed by karanj cake (71.74 %), neem seed cake (66.75 %) and compost (61.67%); whereas, significantly highest reduction in average incidence (PEM and wilt ) was recorded with vermicompost (60.66%), followed by karanj cake (53.74%), neem seed cake (46.70 %) and compost (41.33%). Under artificial epiphytotic conditions (root zone drenching method), all the 14 tomato entries evaluated exhibited different reactions against R. solanacearum. However, six entries (Tom-21, Tom-4, Tom-17, Tom-13, S-22 and PKM-1) were moderately resistant with average wilt incidence in the range of 25.28 to 33.25 per cent; four entries (Tom-15, Tom-11, Tom-27 and Tom-7) were moderately susceptible with average wilt incidence in the range of 47.81 to 52.46 per cent and four entries (Tom-8, Tom-18, Tom-2 and Pusa Ruby) were susceptible with average wilt incidence in the range of 61.13–78.50 per cent.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost produced the highest tomato seed germination, 76.50%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 76.50 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest seed germination was recorded with vermicompost (76.50 %)”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Karanj cake produced 71.74% seed germination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- karanj cakee0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 71.74 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by karanj cake (71.74 %)”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
e1“significantly highest seed germination was recorded with vermicompost (76.50 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed cake produced 66.75% seed germination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- neem seed cakee0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Value
- 66.75 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neem seed cake (66.75 %)”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
e1“significantly highest seed germination was recorded with vermicompost (76.50 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost produced 61.67% seed germination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- composte0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Value
- 61.67%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost (61.67%)”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
e1“significantly highest seed germination was recorded with vermicompost (76.50 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost gave the highest reduction in average PEM and wilt incidence, 60.66%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearumt1pathogen - Outcome
- average incidence (PEM and wilt )e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 60.66%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest reduction in average incidence (PEM and wilt ) was recorded with vermicompost (60.66%)”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
t1“Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), causing accountable losses of about 10-90 per cent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Karanj cake reduced average incidence by 53.74%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- karanj cakee0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- average incidence (PEM and wilt )e1
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 53.74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“karanj cake (53.74%)”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
t1“Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), causing accountable losses of about 10-90 per cent.”
e1“significantly highest reduction in average incidence (PEM and wilt ) was recorded with vermicompost (60.66%)”
e2“significantly highest reduction in average incidence (PEM and wilt ) was recorded with vermicompost (60.66%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed cake reduced average incidence by 46.70%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- neem seed cakee0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- average incidence (PEM and wilt )e1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 46.70 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neem seed cake (46.70 %)”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
t1“Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), causing accountable losses of about 10-90 per cent.”
e1“significantly highest reduction in average incidence (PEM and wilt ) was recorded with vermicompost (60.66%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost reduced average incidence by 41.33%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- composte0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- average incidence (PEM and wilt )e1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 41.33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost (41.33%)”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
t1“Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), causing accountable losses of about 10-90 per cent.”
e1“significantly highest reduction in average incidence (PEM and wilt ) was recorded with vermicompost (60.66%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Six tomato entries were moderately resistant, with wilt incidence of 25.28 to 33.25 per cent.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Tom-21, Tom-4, Tom-17, Tom-13, S-22 and PKM-1e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- average wilt incidencee0
- Value
- 25.28 to 33.25 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six entries (Tom-21, Tom-4, Tom-17, Tom-13, S-22 and PKM-1) were moderately resistant with average wilt incidence in the range of 25.28 to 33.25 per cent”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
t1“Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), causing accountable losses of about 10-90 per cent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four entries were moderately susceptible, with wilt incidence of 47.81 to 52.46 per cent.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Tom-15, Tom-11, Tom-27 and Tom-7e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- average wilt incidencee0
- Value
- 47.81 to 52.46 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four entries (Tom-15, Tom-11, Tom-27 and Tom-7) were moderately susceptible with average wilt incidence in the range of 47.81 to 52.46 per cent”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
t1“Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), causing accountable losses of about 10-90 per cent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four entries were susceptible, with wilt incidence of 61.13–78.50 per cent.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Tom-8, Tom-18, Tom-2 and Pusa Rubye0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- average wilt incidencee0
- Value
- 61.13–78.50 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four entries (Tom-8, Tom-18, Tom-2 and Pusa Ruby) were susceptible with average wilt incidence in the range of 61.13–78.50 per cent”
t0“Evaluation of Different Soil Amendments and Germplasm / Varieties against Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
t1“Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), causing accountable losses of about 10-90 per cent.”
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