Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) applications were reported to induce physiological damages to glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean, which were mainly attributed to aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). In order to study glyphosate and AMPA dynamics in plants and associated phytotoxic effects, a greenhouse experiment was set where GR soybeans were exposed to GBH (0.7 to 4.5 kg glyphosate ha–1) and sampled over time (2, 7, 14, and 28 days after treatment (DAT)). Hydrogen peroxide content increased 2 DAT, while a decrease was observed for the effective quantum yield (2, 7, 14 DAT), stomatal conductance (2 DAT), and biomass (14 DAT). Glyphosate content was higher in leaves, followed by stems, and then roots. AMPA content tended to increase with time, especially in roots, and the amount of AMPA in roots was negatively correlated to mostly all phytotoxicity indicators. This finding is important since AMPA residues are measured in agricultural soils several months after GBH applications, which could impact productivity in GR crops.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide content increased two days after glyphosate-based herbicide treatment.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- GBH (0.7 to 4.5 kg glyphosate ha–1)e1
- Outcome
- Hydrogen peroxide contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen peroxide content increased 2 DAT”
e1“GR soybeans were exposed to GBH (0.7 to 4.5 kg glyphosate ha–1)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective quantum yield decreased 2, 7 and 14 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- GBH (0.7 to 4.5 kg glyphosate ha–1)e1
- Outcome
- effective quantum yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- 2, 7, 14 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease was observed for the effective quantum yield (2, 7, 14 DAT)”
e1“GR soybeans were exposed to GBH (0.7 to 4.5 kg glyphosate ha–1)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance decreased two days after treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- GBH (0.7 to 4.5 kg glyphosate ha–1)e1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- 2 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease was observed for the effective quantum yield (2, 7, 14 DAT), stomatal conductance (2 DAT)”
e1“GR soybeans were exposed to GBH (0.7 to 4.5 kg glyphosate ha–1)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass decreased fourteen days after treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- GBH (0.7 to 4.5 kg glyphosate ha–1)e1
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- 14 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease was observed for the effective quantum yield (2, 7, 14 DAT), stomatal conductance (2 DAT), and biomass (14 DAT)”
e1“GR soybeans were exposed to GBH (0.7 to 4.5 kg glyphosate ha–1)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate content ranked highest in leaves, then stems, then roots.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves, followed by stems, and then rootse0
- Outcome
- Glyphosate contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate content was higher in leaves, followed by stems, and then roots.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
AMPA content tended to increase over time, especially in roots.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- AMPA contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- with timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMPA content tended to increase with time, especially in roots”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root AMPA amount was negatively correlated with most phytotoxicity indicators.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Compound
- AMPAe0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity indicatorse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of AMPA in roots was negatively correlated to mostly all phytotoxicity indicators.”
t0“Soybean”
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