Abstract
Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil under different water sources (i.e. fresh, drainage and mixed) in interaction with four rates of N (30%; 45 and 60 kg N fed-1, 60%; 90 and 120 kg N fed-1, 90%; 135 and 180 kg N fed-1 and 120%; 180 and 240 kg N fed-1 of the recommended rate for onion and garlic, respectively) to assess its effects on growth attributes and yield as well as following up the changes of some soil chemical properties after the growing seasons. The side effect of using low water quality on soil properties and water relations was also traced. Drainage and mixed water significantly increased the EC, pH and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the soil under both crops comparing to the fresh water. This was more vigorous under 120% nitrogen rate. In soil irrigated with fresh water, EC were decreased by ~ 26.5% under the initial level on base of over all mean of nitrogen treatments. The low quality waters reflected decrements in EC values by about 10.6% under initial and increments by about 9.7% over the initial for mixed and drainage water, respectively. In meanwhile, the SAR values increased after growing seasons with all water sources, and it affected by water quality where it increased as the low water quality applied, whereas it recorded the highest value with drainage water followed by mixed water. Additionally, the application of 60 and 90% reveal a slight increase in soil chemical properties as the mixed and drainage water were used. Fresh water treatment increased growth and crop yields for both garlic and onion compared to mixed and drainage water treatments. Increasing N rate from 30 up to 120 % of the recommended N rate significantly increased garlic yield by 53.9% and onion yield by 16.3%. The highest WUE for onion (7.44 and 6.79 kg m-3) and for garlic (3.33 and 3.00 kg m-3) resulted from 120 % of the recommended N rate with fresh and mixed water, respectively.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Drainage and mixed irrigation water raised soil EC, pH and SAR under onion and garlic versus fresh water.
- Taxon
- onion and garlic
Allium cepa
Allium sativume0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drainage and mixed water significantly increased the EC, pH and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the soil under both crops comparing to the fresh water.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At the 120% nitrogen rate, the soil chemistry increases were greater.
- Taxon
- onion and garlicAllium cepaAllium sativume0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was more vigorous under 120% nitrogen rate.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh-water irrigation lowered soil EC about 26.5% below its initial level.
- Taxon
- onion and garlicAllium cepaAllium sativume0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In soil irrigated with fresh water, EC were decreased by ~ 26.5% under the initial level”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed water lowered soil EC about 10.6% below initial levels.
- Taxon
- onion and garlicAllium cepaAllium sativume0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low quality waters reflected decrements in EC values by about 10.6% under initial and increments by about 9.7% over the initial for mixed and drainage water, respectively.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Drainage water raised soil EC about 9.7% above initial levels.
- Taxon
- onion and garlicAllium cepaAllium sativume0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low quality waters reflected decrements in EC values by about 10.6% under initial and increments by about 9.7% over the initial for mixed and drainage water, respectively.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil SAR increased after growing seasons under every water source.
- Taxon
- onion and garlicAllium cepaAllium sativume0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SAR values increased after growing seasons with all water sources”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Drainage water yielded the highest soil SAR, followed by mixed water.
- Taxon
- onion and garlicAllium cepaAllium sativume0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it recorded the highest value with drainage water followed by mixed water.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60% and 90% nitrogen rates, mixed and drainage water slightly raised soil chemical properties.
- Taxon
- onion and garlicAllium cepaAllium sativume0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 60 and 90% reveal a slight increase in soil chemical properties as the mixed and drainage water were used.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh water increased growth and crop yield for garlic versus mixed and drainage water.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh water treatment increased growth and crop yields for both garlic and onion compared to mixed and drainage water treatments.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh water increased growth and crop yield for onion versus mixed and drainage water.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh water treatment increased growth and crop yields for both garlic and onion compared to mixed and drainage water treatments.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising nitrogen from 30% to 120% of recommendation increased garlic yield 53.9%.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N rate from 30 up to 120 % of the recommended N rate significantly increased garlic yield by 53.9%”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising nitrogen from 30% to 120% of recommendation increased onion yield 16.3%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N rate from 30 up to 120 % of the recommended N rate significantly increased garlic yield by 53.9% and onion yield by 16.3%.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion attained its highest WUE of 7.44 kg m-3 at 120% nitrogen with fresh water.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest WUE for onion (7.44 and 6.79 kg m-3) and for garlic (3.33 and 3.00 kg m-3) resulted from 120 % of the recommended N rate with fresh and mixed water, respectively.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic attained its highest WUE under 120% nitrogen with fresh and mixed water.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest WUE for onion (7.44 and 6.79 kg m-3) and for garlic (3.33 and 3.00 kg m-3) resulted from 120 % of the recommended N rate with fresh and mixed water, respectively.”
e1“Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil”
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