Abstract
The exodermis is a common apoplastic barrier of the outer root cortex, with high environmentally-driven plasticity and a protective function. This study focused on the trade-off between the protective advantages provided by the exodermis and its disadvantageous reduction of cortical membrane surface area accessible by apoplastic route, thus limiting nutrient acquisition from the rhizosphere. We analysed the effect of nutrient deficiency (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, K, Fe) on exodermal and endodermal differentiation in maize. To differentiate systemic and localized effects, nutrient deficiencies were applied in three different approaches: to the root system as a whole, locally to discrete parts, or on one side of a single root. Our study showed that the establishment of the exodermis was enhanced in low-N and low-P plants, but delayed in low-K plants. The split-root cultivation proved that the effect is non-systemic, but locally coordinated for individual roots. Within a single root, localized deficiencies didn't result in an evenly differentiated exodermis, in contrast to other stress factors. The maturation of the endodermis responded in a similar way. In conclusion, N, P, and K deficiencies strongly modulated exodermal differentiation. The response was nutrient specific and integrated local signals of current nutrient availability from the rhizosphere.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Low N enhanced maize exodermis establishment.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“establishment of the exodermis was enhanced in low-N and low-P plants”
e1“exodermal and endodermal differentiation in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P enhanced maize exodermis establishment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“establishment of the exodermis was enhanced in low-N and low-P plants”
e1“exodermal and endodermal differentiation in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low K delayed maize exodermis establishment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but delayed in low-K plants”
e1“establishment of the exodermis was enhanced in low-N and low-P plants, but delayed in low-K plants”
e2“exodermal and endodermal differentiation in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Split-root cultivation showed that the exodermis response was locally coordinated rather than systemic.
- Outcome
- locally coordinated for individual rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The split-root cultivation proved that the effect is non-systemic, but locally coordinated for individual roots”
e1“exodermal and endodermal differentiation in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Localized deficiencies yielded uneven exodermis differentiation within roots.
- Treatment
- localized deficienciese0
- Outcome
- evenly differentiated exodermise0
- Direction
- didn't resulte0
- Comparator
- other stress factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Within a single root, localized deficiencies didn't result in an evenly differentiated exodermis, in contrast to other stress factors”
e1“exodermal and endodermal differentiation in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Endodermis maturation responded similarly to nutrient deficiency.
- Outcome
- maturation of the endodermise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maturation of the endodermis responded in a similar way”
e1“exodermal and endodermal differentiation in maize”
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