Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are among the most ubiquitous soil plant-symbiotic fungi in terrestrial environments and can alleviate the toxic effects of various contaminants on plants. As an essential micronutrient for higher plants, molybdenum (Mo) can cause toxic effects at excess levels. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal impacts on plant performance and Mo accumulation under Mo-contamination still require to be explored. We first studied the effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum BEG168 on plant biomass production and Mo accumulation in a biofuel crop, sweet sorghum, grown in an agricultural soil spiked with different concentrations of MoS2. The results showed that the addition of Mo produced no adverse effects on plant biomass, N and P uptake, and root colonization rate, indicating Mo has no phytotoxicity and fungitoxicity at the test concentrations. The addition of Mo did not increase and even decreased S concentrations in plant tissues. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation significantly enhanced plant biomass production and Mo concentrations in both shoots and roots, resulting in increased Mo uptake by mycorrhizal plants. Overall, arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation promoted the absorption of P, N and S by sweet sorghum plants, improved photosystem (PS) II photochemical efficiency and comprehensive photosynthesis performance. In conclusion, MoS2 increased Mo accumulation in plant tissues but produced no toxicity, while arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation could improve plant performance via enhancing nutrient uptake and photochemical efficiency. Sweet sorghum, together with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, shows a promising potential for phytoremediation of Mo-contaminated farmland and revegetation of Mo-mine disturbed areas, as well as biomass production on such sites.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Added Mo caused no adverse plant biomass effect.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Mo produced no adverse effects on plant biomass”
e1“Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Added Mo caused no adverse effects on N and P uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Mo produced no adverse effects on plant biomass, N and P uptake”
e1“Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Added Mo caused no adverse effect on root colonization rate.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume1
- Treatment
- addition of Moe0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonization ratee0
- Direction
- no adverse effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Mo produced no adverse effects on plant biomass, N and P uptake, and root colonization rate”
e1“Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Added Mo did not increase and sometimes decreased tissue sulfur.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume1
- Treatment
- addition of Moe0
- Outcome
- S concentrations in plant tissuese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Mo did not increase and even decreased S concentrations in plant tissues.”
e1“Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased sweet sorghum biomass.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume1
- Treatment
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- plant biomass productione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation significantly enhanced plant biomass production”
e1“Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly raised shoot and root Mo concentrations.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume1
- Treatment
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- Mo concentrations in both shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation significantly enhanced plant biomass production and Mo concentrations in both shoots and roots”
e1“Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plants had increased Mo uptake.
Verbatim
e0“increased Mo uptake by mycorrhizal plants”
e1“Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation promoted P, N and S absorption.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume0
- Treatment
- arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- absorption of P, N and Se0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation promoted the absorption of P, N and S by sweet sorghum plants”
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation improved photosystem II efficiency.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume0
- Treatment
- arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- photosystem (PS) II photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation promoted the absorption of P, N and S by sweet sorghum plants, improved photosystem (PS) II photochemical efficiency”
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation improved photosynthesis performance.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume0
- Treatment
- arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- comprehensive photosynthesis performancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation promoted the absorption of P, N and S by sweet sorghum plants, improved photosystem (PS) II photochemical efficiency and comprehensive photosynthesis performance”
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
MoS2 increased Mo accumulation in plant tissues.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“MoS2 increased Mo accumulation in plant tissues”
e1“Sweet Sorghum Grown in a Mo-Contaminated Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose sweet sorghum with mycorrhizal fungi for phytoremediation and biomass production.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet sorghum, together with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, shows a promising potential for phytoremediation of Mo-contaminated farmland and revegetation of Mo-mine disturbed areas, as well as biomass production on such sites.”
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