Abstract
Multiple factors influence rice yield. Developing management practices that increase crop yield and an efficient use of resources are challenging to modern agriculture. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate biological nitrogen fixation and bacterial phosphorous solubilization (biofertilization) practices with the selection of the sowing date. Three sowing dates (May, July and August) were evaluated when interacting with two mineral nutrition treatments using a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement. Leaf carbon balance, leaf area index, interception and radiation use efficiency, harvest index, dry matter accumulation, nutritional status, and yield were quantified. Results showed that the maximum yield was obtained in the sowing date of August. Additionally, yield increased by 18.92% with the biofertilization treatment, reaching 35.18% of profitability compared to the local production practice. High yields were related to a higher carbon balance during flowering, which was 11.56% and 54.04% higher in August than in July and May, respectively, due to a lower night temperature. In addition, a high efficient use of radiation, which in August was 17.56% and 41.23% higher than in July and May, respectively, contributed to obtain higher yields and this behavior is related to the selection of the sowing date. Likewise, a rapid development of the leaf area index and an optimum foliar nitrogen concentration (>3%) were observed. This allowed for greater efficient use of radiation and is attributed to the activity of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria that also act as plant growth promoters.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The August sowing date gave the maximum rice yield among the three sowing dates
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- F68t0
- Treatment
- sowing datee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Comparator
- May, Julye2
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e1“Results showed that the maximum yield was obtained in the sowing date of August”
e2“Three sowing dates (May, July and August) were evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilization increased rice yield by 18.92%
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- F68t0
- Treatment
- biofertilization treatmente3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 18.92%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e3“yield increased by 18.92% with the biofertilization treatment, reaching 35.18% of profitability compared to the local production practice”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilization reached 35.18% higher profitability than the local production practice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- F68t0
- Treatment
- biofertilization treatmente3
- Outcome
- profitabilitye3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- 35.18%e3
- Comparator
- local production practicee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e3“yield increased by 18.92% with the biofertilization treatment, reaching 35.18% of profitability compared to the local production practice”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon balance during flowering was 11.56% higher in August than in July
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- F68t0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe4
- Treatment
- sowing datee1
- Outcome
- carbon balancee4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 11.56%e4
- Comparator
- Julye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e1“Results showed that the maximum yield was obtained in the sowing date of August”
e4“carbon balance during flowering, which was 11.56% and 54.04% higher in August than in July and May, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon balance during flowering was 54.04% higher in August than in May
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- F68t0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe4
- Treatment
- sowing datee1
- Outcome
- carbon balancee4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 54.04%e4
- Comparator
- Maye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e1“Results showed that the maximum yield was obtained in the sowing date of August”
e4“carbon balance during flowering, which was 11.56% and 54.04% higher in August than in July and May, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher flowering-stage carbon balance in August is attributed to a lower night temperature
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- F68t0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe4
- Treatment
- lower night temperaturee5
- Outcome
- carbon balancee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e4“carbon balance during flowering, which was 11.56% and 54.04% higher in August than in July and May, respectively”
e5“due to a lower night temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation use efficiency was 17.56% higher in August than in July
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- F68t0
- Treatment
- sowing datee1
- Outcome
- efficient use of radiatione6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 17.56%e6
- Comparator
- Julye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e1“Results showed that the maximum yield was obtained in the sowing date of August”
e6“a high efficient use of radiation, which in August was 17.56% and 41.23% higher than in July and May, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation use efficiency was 41.23% higher in August than in May
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- F68t0
- Treatment
- sowing datee1
- Outcome
- efficient use of radiatione6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 41.23%e6
- Comparator
- Maye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e1“Results showed that the maximum yield was obtained in the sowing date of August”
e6“a high efficient use of radiation, which in August was 17.56% and 41.23% higher than in July and May, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A rapid development of the leaf area index was observed in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- F68t0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e7“a rapid development of the leaf area index”
Claim · model-written summary
An optimum foliar nitrogen concentration above 3% was observed in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- F68t0
- Outcome
- foliar nitrogen concentratione0
- Value
- >3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e0“an optimum foliar nitrogen concentration (>3%) were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater efficient use of radiation is attributed to nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- F68t0
- Interactor
- nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- efficient use of radiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“F68 rice variety”
e0“greater efficient use of radiation and is attributed to the activity of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria”
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