Abstract
Phospholipid signaling plays an important role in plant immune responses against phytopathogenic bacteria in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we isolated two phospholipase C2 (PLC2) orthologs in the N. benthamiana genome, designated as PLC2-1 and 2-2. Both NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2 were expressed in most tissues and were induced by infiltration with bacteria and flg22. NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2 (NbPLC2s) double-silenced plants showed a moderately reduced growth phenotype. The induction of the hypersensitive response was not affected, but bacterial growth and the appearance of bacterial wilt were accelerated in NbPLC2s-silenced plants when they were challenged with a virulent strain of Ralstonia solanacearum that was compatible with N. benthamiana. NbPLC2s-silenced plants showed reduced expression levels of NbPR-4, a marker gene for jasmonic acid signaling, and decreased jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine contents after inoculation with R. solanacearum. The induction of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) marker genes was reduced in NbPLC2s-silenced plants after infiltration with R. solanacearum or Pseudomonas fluorescens. Accordingly, the resistance induced by flg22 was compromised in NbPLC2s-silenced plants. In addition, the expression of flg22-induced PTI marker genes, the oxidative burst, stomatal closure, and callose deposition were all reduced in the silenced plants. Thus, NbPLC2s might have important roles in pre- and post-invasive defenses, namely in the induction of PTI.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Two PLC2 orthologs were isolated from the N. benthamiana genome.
- Taxon
- N. benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Gene
- PLC2-1 and 2-2e0
- Outcome
- two phospholipase C2 (PLC2) orthologse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated two phospholipase C2 (PLC2) orthologs in the N. benthamiana genome, designated as PLC2-1 and 2-2”
Claim · model-written summary
Both PLC2 orthologs were expressed in most tissues.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2e0
- Outcome
- expressed in most tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“Both NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2 were expressed in most tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial infiltration induced both PLC2 orthologs.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- infiltration with bacteriae0
- Gene
- NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2e0
- Outcome
- NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“Both NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2 were expressed in most tissues and were induced by infiltration with bacteria and flg22”
Claim · model-written summary
Flg22 induced both PLC2 orthologs.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- flg22e0
- Gene
- NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2e0
- Outcome
- NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“Both NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2 were expressed in most tissues and were induced by infiltration with bacteria and flg22”
Claim · model-written summary
Double silencing PLC2 produced moderately reduced growth.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- double-silencede0
- Gene
- NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2e0
- Outcome
- growth phenotypee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2 (NbPLC2s) double-silenced plants showed a moderately reduced growth phenotype”
Claim · model-written summary
PLC2 silencing did not affect hypersensitive response induction.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- PLC2e1
- Outcome
- induction of the hypersensitive responsee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“The induction of the hypersensitive response was not affected”
e1“we isolated two phospholipase C2 (PLC2) orthologs in the N. benthamiana genome, designated as PLC2-1 and 2-2”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial growth accelerated in PLC2 silenced plants challenged with Ralstonia solanacearum.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbPLC2s-silencede0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- bacterial growthe0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“bacterial growth and the appearance of bacterial wilt were accelerated in NbPLC2s-silenced plants when they were challenged with a virulent strain of Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial wilt appeared earlier in PLC2 silenced plants challenged with Ralstonia solanacearum.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbPLC2s-silencede0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- appearance of bacterial wilte0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“bacterial growth and the appearance of bacterial wilt were accelerated in NbPLC2s-silenced plants when they were challenged with a virulent strain of Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
PLC2 silencing reduced NbPR-4 expression after Ralstonia inoculation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbPLC2s-silencede0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Gene
- NbPR-4e0
- Outcome
- expression levels of NbPR-4e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“NbPLC2s-silenced plants showed reduced expression levels of NbPR-4, a marker gene for jasmonic acid signaling, and decreased jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine contents after inoculation with R. solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
PLC2 silencing decreased jasmonic acid content after Ralstonia inoculation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbPLC2s-silencede0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- jasmonic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“NbPLC2s-silenced plants showed reduced expression levels of NbPR-4, a marker gene for jasmonic acid signaling, and decreased jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine contents after inoculation with R. solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
PLC2 silencing decreased jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine content after Ralstonia inoculation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- PLC2e1
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“decreased jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine contents after inoculation with R. solanacearum”
e1“we isolated two phospholipase C2 (PLC2) orthologs in the N. benthamiana genome, designated as PLC2-1 and 2-2”
Claim · model-written summary
PLC2 silencing reduced PTI marker gene induction after Ralstonia infiltration.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbPLC2s-silencede0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- induction of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) marker genese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“The induction of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) marker genes was reduced in NbPLC2s-silenced plants after infiltration with R. solanacearum or Pseudomonas fluorescens”
Claim · model-written summary
PLC2 silencing reduced PTI marker gene induction after Pseudomonas fluorescens infiltration.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbPLC2s-silencede0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0other - Outcome
- induction of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) marker genese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“The induction of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) marker genes was reduced in NbPLC2s-silenced plants after infiltration with R. solanacearum or Pseudomonas fluorescens”
Claim · model-written summary
Flg22 induced resistance was compromised in PLC2 silenced plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbPLC2s-silencede0
- Outcome
- resistance induced by flg22e0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“the resistance induced by flg22 was compromised in NbPLC2s-silenced plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PLC2 silencing reduced flg22 induced PTI marker gene expression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- silenced plantse0
- Outcome
- expression of flg22-induced PTI marker genese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“the expression of flg22-induced PTI marker genes, the oxidative burst, stomatal closure, and callose deposition were all reduced in the silenced plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PLC2 silencing reduced the oxidative burst.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- silenced plantse0
- Outcome
- oxidative burste0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“the expression of flg22-induced PTI marker genes, the oxidative burst, stomatal closure, and callose deposition were all reduced in the silenced plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PLC2 silencing reduced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- silenced plantse0
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“the expression of flg22-induced PTI marker genes, the oxidative burst, stomatal closure, and callose deposition were all reduced in the silenced plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PLC2 silencing reduced callose deposition.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- silenced plantse0
- Outcome
- callose depositione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“the expression of flg22-induced PTI marker genes, the oxidative burst, stomatal closure, and callose deposition were all reduced in the silenced plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer PLC2 roles in pre and post invasive PTI defense.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NbPLC2se0
- Outcome
- pre- and post-invasive defensese0
- Qualifier
- mighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“NbPLC2s might have important roles in pre- and post-invasive defenses, namely in the induction of PTI”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.