Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 201314 and 201415 at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology of Jammu, to study the effect of tillage and weed-management practices on weed dy- namics and productivity in maize (Zea mays L.)wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] cropping se- quence. Weed density, weed biomass, grain and stover yields of maize were found statistically at par in continu- ous conventional tillage and rotational conventional tillage in maize and zero tillage in wheat under maize. How- ever, in wheat the density and biomass of grassy weeds were found significantly lowest under continuous zero till- age preceded by zero tillage or conventional tillage in maize. The different tillage treatments had non-significant effect on density and biomass of broad-leaf weeds and yields (grain and straw) of wheat. Amongst the weed-man- agement practices, 2 hand-weedings 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) in maize and application of metribuzin (200 g/ha) at 30 DAS in wheat significantly reduced weed density, biomass and recorded significantly higher yields of maize and wheat respectively, over weedy check in both maize and wheat. Among the tillage treatments, adoption of zero tillage in maize and conventional tillage in wheat also proved economically beneficial with the highest benefit: cost ratio and the lowest cost of cultivation in maizewheat system followed by continuous zero tillage in both the crop. However, in weed management, application of atrazine 1 kg/ha in maize and metribuzin (200 g/ha) in wheat resulted the highest benefit: cost ratio and net returns followed by 2 hand-weedings. At the end of the maizewheat cropping cycles, both tillage and weed-management practices did not influence on status of bulk density of the soil.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Maize weed density and biomass were statistically at par under continuous and rotational conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- continu- ous conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- Weed density, weed biomasse0
- Comparator
- rotational conventional tillagee0
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed density, weed biomass, grain and stover yields of maize were found statistically at par in continu- ous conventional tillage and rotational conventional tillage in maize and zero tillage in wheat under maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain and stover yields were statistically at par under continuous and rotational conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- continu- ous conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain and stover yields of maizee0
- Comparator
- rotational conventional tillagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed density, weed biomass, grain and stover yields of maize were found statistically at par in continu- ous conventional tillage and rotational conventional tillage in maize and zero tillage in wheat under maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grassy weed density and biomass were lowest under continuous zero tillage following zero or conventional tillage in maize.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- continuous zero till- agee0
- Interactor
- grassy weedse0weed
- Outcome
- density and biomass of grassy weedse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat the density and biomass of grassy weeds were found significantly lowest under continuous zero till- age preceded by zero tillage or conventional tillage in maize”
e1“wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage treatments had nonsignificant effects on wheat broadleaf weed density and biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- different tillage treatmentse0
- Interactor
- broad-leaf weedse0weed
- Outcome
- density and biomass of broad-leaf weedse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The different tillage treatments had non-significant effect on density and biomass of broad-leaf weeds”
e1“yields (grain and straw) of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage treatments had nonsignificant effects on wheat grain and straw yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- different tillage treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yields (grain and straw) of wheate0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The different tillage treatments had non-significant effect on density and biomass of broad-leaf weeds and yields (grain and straw) of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hand weedings at 15 and 30 days after sowing reduced maize weed density and biomass versus a weedy check.
- Treatment
- 2 hand-weedings 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density, biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2 hand-weedings 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) in maize and application of metribuzin (200 g/ha) at 30 DAS in wheat significantly reduced weed density, biomass and recorded significantly higher yields of maize and wheat respectively, over weedy check in both maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hand weedings at 15 and 30 days after sowing raised maize yield versus a weedy check.
- Treatment
- 2 hand-weedings 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- yields of maizee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2 hand-weedings 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) in maize and application of metribuzin (200 g/ha) at 30 DAS in wheat significantly reduced weed density, biomass and recorded significantly higher yields of maize and wheat respectively, over weedy check in both maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin at 200 g/ha reduced wheat weed density and biomass versus a weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- metribuzin (200 g/ha) at 30 DASe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density, biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of metribuzin (200 g/ha) at 30 DAS in wheat significantly reduced weed density, biomass and recorded significantly higher yields of maize and wheat respectively, over weedy check in both maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin at 200 g/ha raised wheat yield versus a weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- metribuzin (200 g/ha) at 30 DASe0
- Outcome
- yields of maize and wheate0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of metribuzin (200 g/ha) at 30 DAS in wheat significantly reduced weed density, biomass and recorded significantly higher yields of maize and wheat respectively, over weedy check in both maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage in maize with conventional tillage in wheat gave the highest benefit to cost ratio.
- Treatment
- zero tillage in maize and conventional tillage in wheate0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- continuous zero tillage in both the crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adoption of zero tillage in maize and conventional tillage in wheat also proved economically beneficial with the highest benefit: cost ratio and the lowest cost of cultivation in maizewheat system followed by continuous zero tillage in both the crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage in maize with conventional tillage in wheat gave the lowest cultivation cost.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zero tillage in maize and conventional tillage in wheate0
- Outcome
- cost of cultivatione0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- continuous zero tillage in both the crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adoption of zero tillage in maize and conventional tillage in wheat also proved economically beneficial with the highest benefit: cost ratio and the lowest cost of cultivation in maizewheat system followed by continuous zero tillage in both the crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine in maize plus metribuzin in wheat gave the highest benefit to cost ratio among weed management practices.
- Treatment
- atrazine 1 kg/ha in maize and metribuzin (200 g/ha) in wheate0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- 2 hand-weedingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of atrazine 1 kg/ha in maize and metribuzin (200 g/ha) in wheat resulted the highest benefit: cost ratio and net returns followed by 2 hand-weedings”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine in maize plus metribuzin in wheat gave the highest net returns among weed management practices.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- atrazine 1 kg/ha in maize and metribuzin (200 g/ha) in wheate0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- 2 hand-weedingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of atrazine 1 kg/ha in maize and metribuzin (200 g/ha) in wheat resulted the highest benefit: cost ratio and net returns followed by 2 hand-weedings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and weed management did not influence soil bulk density at the end of the cropping cycles.
- Treatment
- both tillage and weed-management practicese0
- Outcome
- bulk density of the soile0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
- Qualifier
- maizewheat cropping cyclese1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“both tillage and weed-management practices did not influence on status of bulk density of the soil”
e1“maizewheat cropping cycles”
t0“maize (Zea mays)wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
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See all 183 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.