Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of long term NPK fertilization (considering that S containing superphosphate was supplied for 26 years of experiment, but since 9 years S has not used any longer) on sulphur- and nitrogen content and N/S ratio of winter wheat. The second objective of this work was to determine the changes of the amount of the different nitrogen and sulphur fraction in chernozem soil in a long term fertilization experiment. The third aim of the work was to determine if a relationship could be established between the studied parameters. Based on our results, it can be stated that the sulphur containing superphosphate supplied in the period of 1984-2010 has no longer significant effect on total sulphur content of plant in 2018. The NPK fertilization treatments had positive effect on total nitrogen content of winter wheat. In general, increasing NPK doses resulted in significantly higher nitrogen. The effect of irrigation applied in previous years has no statistically significant effect on the sulphur and nitrogen content of wheat. The wheat grain produced in our experiment, especially in fertilized treatments showed S deficiency. Analysing the changes of CaCl2 soluble nitrate-N and total N of the soil, it can be stated that the effect of increasing fertilizer doses clearly appears in these parameters, because the treatment with increasing fertilizer doses resulted higher CaCl2 soluble N forms compared to the control treatment in soil. These values increased until flowering stage of wheat and after that a slightly decrease was observed as a result of higher N uptake of plant. In overall, it can be stated, that the effect of superphosphate on measured sulphur fraction is prevailed. With increasing fertilizer doses higher sulphate content was detected in soil, but the sulphate content measured in different soil extractant is not enough for the wheat in this experiment area. Studying the correlation between the measured parameters of plant and soil, it can be concluded, that the relationships between nitrogen in the plant and in the soil is stable, and did not change during the growing season. The correlation between plant S and soil S varied in the measured periods and the r value was low in most cases. At the stage of flowering the highest r value was found between KCl-SO4 and plant S. In the stage of ripening the strongest correlation was detected between KH2PO4-SO4 and grain S content.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Past sulphur-containing superphosphate no longer significantly affected plant total sulphur in 2018.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- sulphur containing superphosphatee0
- Outcome
- total sulphur content of plante0
- Direction
- no longer significant effecte0
- Qualifier
- in 2018e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sulphur containing superphosphate supplied in the period of 1984-2010 has no longer significant effect on total sulphur content of plant in 2018”
t0“N/S ratio of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilization increased total nitrogen content of winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NPK fertilization treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NPK fertilization treatments had positive effect on total nitrogen content of winter wheat”
e1“increasing NPK doses resulted in significantly higher nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Previous irrigation did not significantly affect wheat sulphur content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- irrigation applied in previous yearse0
- Outcome
- sulphure0
- Direction
- no statistically significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation applied in previous years has no statistically significant effect on the sulphur and nitrogen content of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Previous irrigation did not significantly affect wheat nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- irrigation applied in previous yearse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen content of wheate0
- Direction
- no statistically significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation applied in previous years has no statistically significant effect on the sulphur and nitrogen content of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain, especially from fertilized treatments, showed sulphur deficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- S deficiencye0
- Qualifier
- especially in fertilized treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wheat grain produced in our experiment, especially in fertilized treatments showed S deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fertilizer doses raised soil CaCl2-soluble nitrogen forms versus control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing fertilizer dosese0
- Outcome
- CaCl2 soluble N formse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment with increasing fertilizer doses resulted higher CaCl2 soluble N forms compared to the control treatment in soil”
t0“N/S ratio of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil soluble nitrogen forms increased until wheat flowering, then declined slightly.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- CaCl2 soluble nitrate-N and total N of the soile1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- until flowering stage of wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These values increased until flowering stage of wheat and after that a slightly decrease was observed as a result of higher N uptake of plant”
e1“CaCl2 soluble nitrate-N and total N of the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fertilizer doses raised soil sulphate content.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing fertilizer dosese0
- Outcome
- sulphate contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With increasing fertilizer doses higher sulphate content was detected in soil”
t0“N/S ratio of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Measured soil sulphate was insufficient for wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- sulphate contente0
- Direction
- not enoughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sulphate content measured in different soil extractant is not enough for the wheat in this experiment area”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant and soil nitrogen relationships remained stable over the growing season.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- relationships between nitrogen in the plant and in the soile0
- Qualifier
- during the growing seasone0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relationships between nitrogen in the plant and in the soil is stable, and did not change during the growing season”
t0“N/S ratio of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant and soil sulphur correlations varied across periods and were mostly weak.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- correlation between plant S and soil Se0
- Qualifier
- r value was low in most casese0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The correlation between plant S and soil S varied in the measured periods and the r value was low in most cases”
t0“N/S ratio of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At flowering, KCl-SO4 and plant S had the highest reported correlation.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- stage of floweringe0
- Outcome
- r valuee0
- Qualifier
- between KCl-SO4 and plant Se0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the stage of flowering the highest r value was found between KCl-SO4 and plant S”
t0“N/S ratio of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At ripening, KH2PO4-SO4 and grain S content had the strongest correlation.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- stage of ripeninge0
- Outcome
- correlatione0
- Qualifier
- between KH2PO4-SO4 and grain S contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the stage of ripening the strongest correlation was detected between KH2PO4-SO4 and grain S content”
t0“N/S ratio of winter wheat”
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