Performance of zinc and boron on content, uptake of micronutrient and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) in Alfisols of Konkan region of Maharashtra

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Research and Education Farm, Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Dapoli. The analytical work was carried out in the research laboratory of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Dapoli on Alfiosls to study the effect of micronutrient cations on yield and their uptake by Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) during rabi season of 2019-20. Cowpea crop responded significantly to B and Zn application over control. The highest seed yield (22.51 q ha-1) and stover yield (33.50 q ha-1) was obtained with 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed + Boron @1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1 over control. The highest B, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content in stover at 45 days after sowing, in stoverat at harvest and seed was recorded in the treatment 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed+ Boron @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1. The maximum uptake of B, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in stover, grain and their total was recorded in the treatment 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed+ Boron @1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1.The minimum uptake of B, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in stover, grain and their total was recorded in control.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Cowpea responded significantly to boron and zinc application compared with control.

Taxon: cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
Treatment: B and Zn applicatione0
Outcome: crop responded significantlye0
Comparator: controle0
Setting: field experimente1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Vigna unguiculata* · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0
“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–111 · show in text ↑

e0
“Cowpea crop responded significantly to B and Zn application over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 438–510 · show in text ↑

e1
“A field experiment was conducted at Research and Education Farm, Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Dapoli”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–130 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The highest seed yield (22.51 q ha-1) was obtained with the RDF plus Rhizobium, PSB, boron and zinc treatment over control.

Taxon: cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
Organ / stage: seede2
Treatment: 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed + Boron @1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1e2
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume2symbiont
Second interactor: PSBe2symbiont
Outcome: seed yielde2
Direction: higheste2
Value: 22.51 q ha-1e2
Comparator: controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Rhizobium* · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0
“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–111 · show in text ↑

e2
“The highest seed yield (22.51 q ha-1) and stover yield (33.50 q ha-1) was obtained with 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed + Boron @1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1 over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 512–722 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The highest stover yield (33.50 q ha-1) was obtained with the RDF plus Rhizobium, PSB, boron and zinc treatment over control.

Taxon: cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
Organ / stage: stovere2
Treatment: 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed + Boron @1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1e2
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume2symbiont
Second interactor: PSBe2symbiont
Outcome: stover yielde2
Direction: higheste2
Value: 33.50 q ha-1e2
Comparator: controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–111 · show in text ↑

e2
“The highest seed yield (22.51 q ha-1) and stover yield (33.50 q ha-1) was obtained with 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed + Boron @1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1 over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 512–722 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The highest B, Fe and Mn content was recorded in the RDF plus Rhizobium, PSB, boron and zinc treatment.

Taxon: cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
Organ / stage: stover at 45 days after sowing, in stoverat at harvest and seede3
Treatment: 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed+ Boron @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1e3
Outcome: B, Fe, Mne3
Direction: higheste3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–111 · show in text ↑

e3
“The highest B, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content in stover at 45 days after sowing, in stoverat at harvest and seed was recorded in the treatment 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed+ Boron @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 724–971 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The highest Zn and Cu content was recorded in the RDF plus Rhizobium, PSB, boron and zinc treatment.

Taxon: cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
Organ / stage: stover at 45 days after sowing, in stoverat at harvest and seede3
Treatment: 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed+ Boron @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1e3
Outcome: Zn and Cue3
Direction: higheste3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–111 · show in text ↑

e3
“The highest B, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content in stover at 45 days after sowing, in stoverat at harvest and seed was recorded in the treatment 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed+ Boron @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 724–971 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum uptake of B, Fe and Mn was recorded in the RDF plus Rhizobium, PSB, boron and zinc treatment.

Taxon: cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
Organ / stage: stover, grain and their totale4
Treatment: 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed+ Boron @1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1e4
Outcome: uptake of B, Fe, Mne4
Direction: maximume4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–111 · show in text ↑

e4
“The maximum uptake of B, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in stover, grain and their total was recorded in the treatment 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed+ Boron @1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 973–1187 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum uptake of Zn and Cu was recorded in the RDF plus Rhizobium, PSB, boron and zinc treatment.

Taxon: cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
Organ / stage: stover, grain and their totale4
Treatment: 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed+ Boron @1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1e4
Outcome: Zn and Cue4
Direction: maximume4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–111 · show in text ↑

e4
“The maximum uptake of B, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in stover, grain and their total was recorded in the treatment 25:60:40 N:P205:K20 kg ha-1(RDF) + Rhizobium and PSB @ 25g kg-1seed+ Boron @1.5 kg ha-1 + Zinc @ 7.5 kg ha-1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 973–1187 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The minimum uptake of B, Fe and Mn was recorded in the control.

Taxon: cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
Organ / stage: stover, grain and their totale5
Outcome: minimum uptake of B, Fe, Mne5
Qualifier: recorded in controle5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–111 · show in text ↑

e5
“The minimum uptake of B, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in stover, grain and their total was recorded in control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1188–1287 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The minimum uptake of Zn and Cu was recorded in the control.

Taxon: cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
Organ / stage: stover, grain and their totale5
Outcome: Zn and Cue5
Qualifier: recorded in controle5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–111 · show in text ↑

e5
“The minimum uptake of B, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in stover, grain and their total was recorded in control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1188–1287 · show in text ↑

boron atom · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

negative
The 600 boron dose prevented the positive effect of iron alone.
EFFECT OF BORON AND IRON APPLICATION ON THE YIELD AND YIELD PROPERTIES OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L.) PLANTED AT DIFFERENT SOWING TIMES · 2023 · compared with iron alone
Opposite direction
positive
Boron, molybdenum and vanadium salts increased horsegram nitrogen content.
Effect of Micronutrients on Crop Response and Quality in Mysore State · 1964
Same direction

See all 3 papers →

zinc atom · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

10 papers: 8 positive, 2 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

Rhizobium · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

9 papers: 9 positive, 0 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Rhizobium + PSB increased NPK content and uptake by cowpea seed and straw over control.
Effect of Vermicompost and Biofertilizers on Yield Attributes and Nutrient Content and it’s their Uptake of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.] · 2017 · compared with control
Same direction
positive
Rhizobium inoculation increased N and P uptake by grain and stover.
Effect of Bio Fertilizer and Fertility Levels on Yield, Protein Content and Nutrient Uptake of Cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] · 2011
Same direction
positive
Combined inoculation increased soil and plant nutrient status versus single inoculants.
Influence of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in acidic soil of NEH region of India · 2017 · compared with single inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB
Same direction

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

boron atom · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

15 papers: 15 positive, 0 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Boron foliar spray alone increased cowpea pod yield per plant by 39% over control.
Effect of boron, molybdenum and biofertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in acid soil of eastern Himalayan region · 2015 · compared with control
Same direction
positive
Average dry matter yield of cowpea increased with B application up to 1.5 mg kg−1.
Assessment of critical limit of boron for cowpea in piedmont soils of Arunachal Pradesh · 2015
Same direction
positive
The highest 100-seed weight occurred with boron at 0.05 g/l, followed by manganese 3 g/l and boron 0.025 g/l.
EFFECT OF ZINC, FERROUS, MANGANESE AND BORON ON COWPEA RUST DISEASE · 2007
Same direction

11 papers more in this group

See all 15 papers →

zinc atom · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

40 papers: 40 positive, 0 negative or no effect

39 papers in the same direction as this paper

36 papers more in this group

See all 40 papers →

Rhizobium · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

47 papers: 47 positive, 0 negative or no effect

46 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Rhizobium + PSB significantly increased cowpea yield attributes over control.
Effect of Vermicompost and Biofertilizers on Yield Attributes and Nutrient Content and it’s their Uptake of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.] · 2017 · compared with control
Same direction
positive
Rhizobium inoculation produced the highest grain yield of 1441 kg/ha.
Effect of Bio Fertilizer and Fertility Levels on Yield, Protein Content and Nutrient Uptake of Cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] · 2011 · compared with rest of the treatments
Same direction
positive
Combined Rhizobium and PSB inoculation increased cowpea growth and yield versus single inoculants.
Influence of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in acidic soil of NEH region of India · 2017 · compared with single inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB
Same direction

43 papers more in this group

See all 47 papers →

fertilization · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

78 papers: 71 positive, 7 negative or no effect

70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Combined N and P fertilization reduced grain Zn content significantly at 60P
Iron and zinc levels in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp under varying phosphorus and fixed nitrogen treatment conditions · 2018
Opposite direction
negative
NPK 15:15:15 reduced soil calcium saturation from 25% to 21%.
The Reactions of Common Chemical Fertilizers in An Ultisol and Their Effects on Cowpea Performance · 2019
Opposite direction
no effect
Grain nitrogen accumulation did not differ among seven rhizobia inoculations, mineral nitrogen fertilization and controls.
Strategies for Improving Cowpea Grain Yield in the Eastern Amazon: Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Phosphorus Nutrition, and Molybdenum Seed Enrichment · 2023 · compared with the control (without inoculation and N fertilization)
Opposite direction

74 papers more in this group

See all 78 papers →

fertilization · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

292 papers: 275 positive, 17 negative or no effect

274 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

288 papers more in this group

See all 292 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 9

The same questions in other papers

boron atom · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

zinc atom · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

Rhizobium · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

boron atom · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

zinc atom · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

Rhizobium · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

fertilization · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results