Abstract
Salinity exerts harmful morphological, physiological, and metabolic effects on plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA 0, 0.75 and 1.5 mM) and calcium chloride (CaCl2 0, 50 and 100 mM), singly or in combination, on different morphological and physiological characteristics of chickpeas exposed to salt stress (0, 25 and 75 mM NaCl). The results showed that the addition of SA or Ca alone improved plant behaviour in the presence of NaCl. Also, the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased. However, the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants. These studies imply that SA and Ca caused a tolerance to NaCl which may be related to the regulation of antioxidative responses. It may also be suggested that a concentration of 1.5 mM salicylic acid and a concentration of 100 mM calcium are the most suitable concentrations to improve the physiological parameters of chickpeas under salinity conditions. Hence, by regulating the antioxidant system, SA and Ca play this role.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased shoot and root length in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeas
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- shoot and root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased dry weight in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased chlorophyll and carotenoids in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased the inhibition of DPPH radical in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- the inhibition of DPPH radicale0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased anthocyanine, and proline in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- anthocyanine, and prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SA and Ca increased shoot and root length under salt stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- SA and Ca combinede0
- Outcome
- shoot and root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SA and Ca increased dry weight under salt stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- SA and Ca combinede0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SA and Ca ameliorated chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars under salt stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- SA and Ca combinede0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugarse0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SA and Ca reduced MDA under salt stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- SA and Ca combinede0
- Outcome
- MDAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SA and Ca reduced the inhibition of DPPH radical under salt stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- SA and Ca combinede0
- Outcome
- the inhibition of DPPH radicale0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA alone improved plant behavior in salt stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- plant behavioure0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the addition of SA or Ca alone improved plant behaviour in the presence of NaCl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca alone improved plant behavior in salt stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Cae0
- Outcome
- plant behavioure0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“the addition of SA or Ca alone improved plant behaviour in the presence of NaCl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest 1.5 mM salicylic acid and 100 mM calcium as suitable concentrations under salinity.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- 1.5 mM salicylic acid and a concentration of 100 mM calciume0
- Qualifier
- under salinity conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)”
e0“a concentration of 1.5 mM salicylic acid and a concentration of 100 mM calcium are the most suitable concentrations to improve the physiological parameters of chickpeas under salinity conditions”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →salicylic acid · physiology: oxidative · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →calcium atom · physiology: oxidative · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: pigments · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →salicylic acid · disease · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →salinity · physiology: pigments · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →salinity · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →salinity · disease · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.