Abstract
Abstract The present study evaluated the effect of silicon (Si) seed priming and sulfur (S) foliar spray on drought tolerance of two contrasting maize hybrids viz. drought tolerant Hi-Corn 11 and susceptible P-1574. The maize seeds were primed with (3 mM Na 2 SiO 3 ) or without Si (hydropriming) and later sown in pots filled with sandy loam soil. Drought stress (25–30% water holding capacity or WHC) was initiated at cob development stage (V5) for two weeks, whereas the well-watered plants were grown at 65–70% WHC. On appearance of drought symptoms, foliar spray of S was done using 0.5% and 1.0% (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , whereas water spray was used as a control. The drought-stressed plants were grown for further two weeks at 25–30% WHC before the final harvest. The results showed a marked effect of Si seed priming and foliar S spray on biomass, physiological and enzymatic processes as well as macronutrient concentrations of maize. In comparison to control, the highest increase in leaf relative water content (25%), chlorophyll a content (56%), carotenoids (26%), photosynthetic rate (64%), stomatal conductance (56%) and intercellular CO 2 concentration (48%) was observed by Si seed priming + S foliar spray (Si + S) under water deficit conditions. Also, Si + S application stimulated the activity of catalase (45%), guaiacol peroxidase (38%) and superoxide dismutase (55%), and improved NPK concentrations (40–63%) under water limitations. Our results suggest that Si seed priming + foliar spray of S is more effective than the individual application of these nutrients to enhance drought tolerance in maize.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Si seed priming with S foliar spray gave the highest increase in leaf relative water content (25%) under water deficit compared with control.
- Treatment
- Si seed priming + S foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contente1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 25%e1
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditionse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“In comparison to control, the highest increase in leaf relative water content (25%), chlorophyll a content (56%), carotenoids (26%), photosynthetic rate (64%), stomatal conductance (56%) and intercellular CO 2 concentration (48%) was observed by Si seed priming + S foliar spray (Si + S) under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Si seed priming with S foliar spray gave the highest increase in chlorophyll a content (56%) under water deficit compared with control.
- Treatment
- Si seed priming + S foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a contente1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 56%e1
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditionse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“In comparison to control, the highest increase in leaf relative water content (25%), chlorophyll a content (56%), carotenoids (26%), photosynthetic rate (64%), stomatal conductance (56%) and intercellular CO 2 concentration (48%) was observed by Si seed priming + S foliar spray (Si + S) under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Si seed priming with S foliar spray gave the highest increase in carotenoids (26%) under water deficit compared with control.
- Treatment
- Si seed priming + S foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- carotenoidse1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 26%e1
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditionse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“In comparison to control, the highest increase in leaf relative water content (25%), chlorophyll a content (56%), carotenoids (26%), photosynthetic rate (64%), stomatal conductance (56%) and intercellular CO 2 concentration (48%) was observed by Si seed priming + S foliar spray (Si + S) under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Si seed priming with S foliar spray gave the highest increase in photosynthetic rate (64%) under water deficit compared with control.
- Treatment
- Si seed priming + S foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 64%e1
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditionse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“In comparison to control, the highest increase in leaf relative water content (25%), chlorophyll a content (56%), carotenoids (26%), photosynthetic rate (64%), stomatal conductance (56%) and intercellular CO 2 concentration (48%) was observed by Si seed priming + S foliar spray (Si + S) under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Si seed priming with S foliar spray gave the highest increase in stomatal conductance (56%) under water deficit compared with control.
- Treatment
- Si seed priming + S foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 56%e1
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditionse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“In comparison to control, the highest increase in leaf relative water content (25%), chlorophyll a content (56%), carotenoids (26%), photosynthetic rate (64%), stomatal conductance (56%) and intercellular CO 2 concentration (48%) was observed by Si seed priming + S foliar spray (Si + S) under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Si seed priming with S foliar spray gave the highest increase in intercellular CO2 concentration (48%) under water deficit compared with control.
- Treatment
- Si seed priming + S foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- intercellular CO 2 concentratione1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Value
- 48%e1
- Qualifier
- under water deficit conditionse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“In comparison to control, the highest increase in leaf relative water content (25%), chlorophyll a content (56%), carotenoids (26%), photosynthetic rate (64%), stomatal conductance (56%) and intercellular CO 2 concentration (48%) was observed by Si seed priming + S foliar spray (Si + S) under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Si + S application stimulated catalase activity by 45%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Si + S application stimulated the activity of catalase (45%), guaiacol peroxidase (38%) and superoxide dismutase (55%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Si + S application stimulated guaiacol peroxidase activity by 38%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Si + S application stimulated the activity of catalase (45%), guaiacol peroxidase (38%) and superoxide dismutase (55%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Si + S application stimulated superoxide dismutase activity by 55%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Si + S application stimulated the activity of catalase (45%), guaiacol peroxidase (38%) and superoxide dismutase (55%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Si + S application improved NPK concentrations by 40-63% under water limitation.
- Treatment
- Si + S applicatione2
- Outcome
- NPK concentrationse3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 40–63%e3
- Qualifier
- under water limitationse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Si + S application stimulated the activity of catalase (45%), guaiacol peroxidase (38%) and superoxide dismutase (55%)”
e3“improved NPK concentrations (40–63%) under water limitations”
Claim · model-written summary
Si seed priming with foliar spray of S is more effective than individual nutrient application for enhancing drought tolerance.
- Treatment
- Si seed priming + foliar spray of Se4
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee4
- Direction
- more effectivee4
- Comparator
- individual application of these nutrientse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e4“Si seed priming + foliar spray of S is more effective than the individual application of these nutrients to enhance drought tolerance”
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See all 13 papers →8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.