Abstract
Trichoderma asperellum strain 6S-2 with biocontrol effects and potential growth-promoting properties was made into a fungal fertilizer for the prevention of apple replant disease (ARD). 6S-2 fertilizer not only promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings in greenhouse and pot experiments, but also increased the branch elongation growth of young apple trees. The soil microbial community structure changed significantly after the application of 6S-2 fertilizer: the relative abundance of Trichoderma increased significantly, the relative abundance of Fusarium (especially the gene copy numbers of four Fusarium species) and Cryptococcus decreased, and the relative abundance of Bacillus and Streptomyces increased. The bacteria/fungi and soil enzyme activities increased significantly after the application of 6S-2 fertilizer. The relative contents of alkenes, ethyl ethers, and citrullines increased in root exudates of M. hupehensis Rehd treated with 6S-2 fertilizer and were positively correlated with the abundance of Trichoderma. The relative contents of aldehydes, nitriles, and naphthalenes decreased, and they were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Fusarium. In addition, levels of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), organic matter (SOM), and pH in rhizosphere soil were also significantly related to changes in the microbial community structure. In summary, the application of 6S-2 fertilizer was effective in alleviating some aspects of ARD by promoting plant growth and optimizing the soil microbial community structure.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
6S-2 fertilizer promoted Malus hupehensis seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Malus hupehensis Rehd
Malus hupehensise0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere0
- Interactor
- 6S-2e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Setting
- greenhouse and pot experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6S-2 fertilizer not only promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings in greenhouse and pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
6S-2 fertilizer increased young apple branch elongation.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma asperellum 6S-2
Trichoderma asperellumt0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- branch elongation growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but also increased the branch elongation growth of young apple trees.”
t0“Trichoderma asperellum 6S-2 on Apple Tree Growth and Replanted Soil Microbial Environment”
e1“6S-2 fertilizer not only promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
6S-2 fertilizer changed soil microbial community structure significantly.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil microbial community structuree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil microbial community structure changed significantly after the application of 6S-2 fertilizer”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
6S-2 fertilizer increased relative abundance of Trichoderma significantly.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- relative abundance of Trichodermae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative abundance of Trichoderma increased significantly”
t0“Apple”
e1“6S-2 fertilizer not only promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
6S-2 fertilizer decreased Fusarium abundance and four Fusarium species gene copy numbers.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere1
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Fusariume0
- Direction
- decreasede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative abundance of Fusarium (especially the gene copy numbers of four Fusarium species) and Cryptococcus decreased”
t0“Apple”
e1“6S-2 fertilizer not only promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
6S-2 fertilizer decreased Cryptococcus abundance.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere1
- Interactor
- Cryptococcuse0other
- Outcome
- Cryptococcuse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and Cryptococcus decreased”
t0“Apple”
e1“6S-2 fertilizer not only promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
6S-2 fertilizer increased Bacillus and Streptomyces abundance.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere1
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0other
- Second interactor
- Streptomyces
Streptomycese0other - Outcome
- relative abundance of Bacillus and Streptomycese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative abundance of Bacillus and Streptomyces increased.”
t0“Apple”
e1“6S-2 fertilizer not only promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
6S-2 fertilizer significantly increased the soil bacteria/fungi measure and soil enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere0
- Outcome
- bacteria/fungi and soil enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bacteria/fungi and soil enzyme activities increased significantly after the application of 6S-2 fertilizer.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
6S-2 fertilizer increased alkenes, ethyl ethers, and citrullines in M. hupehensis root exudates.
- Taxon
- M. hupehensis RehdMalus hupehensise0
- Organ / stage
- root exudatese0
- Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere0
- Interactor
- 6S-2e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative contents of alkenes, ethyl ethers, and citrullinese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative contents of alkenes, ethyl ethers, and citrullines increased in root exudates of M. hupehensis Rehd treated with 6S-2 fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The increased root exudate alkenes, ethyl ethers, and citrullines correlated positively with Trichoderma abundance.
- Taxon
- M. hupehensis RehdMalus hupehensist0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative contents of alkenes, ethyl ethers, and citrullinese1
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and were positively correlated with the abundance of Trichoderma.”
t0“M. hupehensis Rehd treated with 6S-2 fertilizer”
e1“The relative contents of alkenes, ethyl ethers, and citrullines increased in root exudates of M. hupehensis Rehd treated with 6S-2 fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
6S-2 fertilizer decreased aldehydes, nitriles, and naphthalenes in root exudates.
- Taxon
- M. hupehensis RehdMalus hupehensist0
- Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere1
- Outcome
- relative contents of aldehydes, nitriles, and naphthalenese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative contents of aldehydes, nitriles, and naphthalenes decreased”
t0“M. hupehensis Rehd treated with 6S-2 fertilizer”
e1“6S-2 fertilizer not only promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudate aldehydes, nitriles, and naphthalenes correlated positively with Fusarium abundance.
- Taxon
- M. hupehensis RehdMalus hupehensist0
- Outcome
- relative contents of aldehydes, nitriles, and naphthalenese1
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and they were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Fusarium.”
t0“M. hupehensis Rehd treated with 6S-2 fertilizer”
e1“The relative contents of aldehydes, nitriles, and naphthalenes decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium, organic matter, and pH were significantly related to microbial community changes.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- changes in the microbial community structuree0
- Qualifier
- levels of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), organic matter (SOM), and pHe0
- Setting
- rhizosphere soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), organic matter (SOM), and pH in rhizosphere soil were also significantly related to changes in the microbial community structure.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that 6S-2 fertilizer alleviated some aspects of apple replant disease.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 6S-2 fertilizere0
- Outcome
- some aspects of ARDe0
- Direction
- alleviatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 6S-2 fertilizer was effective in alleviating some aspects of ARD by promoting plant growth and optimizing the soil microbial community structure.”
t0“apple”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · soil: biology · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 11 papers →fertilization · pest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
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See all 11 papers →fertilization · growth · Malus hupehensisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · Fusarium · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.