Abstract
The interaction between plant, soil and microorganism plays a crucial role in sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem function and diversity. However, little information is known about how plant growth, soil organic carbon (C) fractions and microorganism respond to exogenous C addition in soils with low organic C content. Three levels of 13C-glucose (equal to 0, 100% and 500% of initial microbial biomass C) were added to non-sterilized (corresponding to treatment abbreviation of CK, Glu-1, Glu-2, respectively) and sterilized soils (corresponding to treatment abbreviation of SS, SS+Glu-1, SS+Glu-2, respectively) planted with apple rootstock (Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.) seedings. The objectives of this study were to analyse the dynamics of soil organic C (SOC) fractions and soil bacterial community diversity with glucose levels and soil sterilization, and to explore the morphology of roots and nitrogen (N) metabolism by plant after glucose addition to sterilized/non-sterilized soils. Results showed that the contents of labile organic C fractions were significantly varied (P<0.05) with the levels of glucose addition and soil sterilization. SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments increased the contents of labile organic C fractions, on average, by 48.47% and 35.33% compared with no glucose addition, respectively. About 21.42% and 16.17% of glucose-C remained in sterilized and non-sterilized soils, respectively at the end of experiment (day 45). Regardless of soil sterilized or not, the glucose addition increased the richness and diversity indices of soil bacterial community compared with no-glucose addition. The glucose addition optimized root zone conditions, and enhanced root vitality, morphology and biomass. Both SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the contents of nitrate (NO3-N) and nitrite (NO2-N), but sharply decreased (P<0.05) the ammonium (NH4+-N) content compared with no glucose addition. Also, these two treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased the enzymic activities and gene transcript levels involved in root N metabolism, which demonstrated that the high level of glucose addition promoted N assimilation and transformation into free amino acids by root. Overall, the addition of exogenous C to not only promotes its fixation and bacterial community diversity in C-poor soils, but also improves root morphology and N absorption by plant.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Labile organic carbon fractions varied significantly with glucose addition and sterilization.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- glucose addition and soil sterilizatione0
- Outcome
- labile organic C fractionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contents of labile organic C fractions were significantly varied (P<0.05) with the levels of glucose addition and soil sterilization”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
SS+Glu-2 increased labile organic carbon fractions by 48.47% over no glucose.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- SS+Glu-2e0
- Outcome
- labile organic C fractionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 48.47%e0
- Comparator
- no glucose additione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments increased the contents of labile organic C fractions, on average, by 48.47% and 35.33% compared with no glucose addition”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Glu-2 increased labile organic carbon fractions by 35.33% over no glucose.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Glu-2e0
- Outcome
- labile organic C fractionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35.33%e0
- Comparator
- no glucose additione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments increased the contents of labile organic C fractions, on average, by 48.47% and 35.33% compared with no glucose addition”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 45, 21.42% of glucose carbon remained in sterilized soil.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- glucose-C remained in sterilizede0
- Value
- 21.42%e0
- Qualifier
- day 45e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 21.42% and 16.17% of glucose-C remained in sterilized and non-sterilized soils, respectively at the end of experiment (day 45)”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 45, 16.17% of glucose carbon remained in non-sterilized soil.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- glucose-C remained in sterilized and non-sterilized soilse0
- Value
- 16.17%e0
- Qualifier
- day 45e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 21.42% and 16.17% of glucose-C remained in sterilized and non-sterilized soils, respectively at the end of experiment (day 45)”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose addition increased bacterial richness and diversity regardless of sterilization.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- glucose additione0
- Outcome
- richness and diversity indices of soil bacterial communitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- no-glucose additione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of soil sterilized or not, the glucose addition increased the richness and diversity indices of soil bacterial community compared with no-glucose addition”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose addition improved root zone conditions.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- glucose additione0
- Outcome
- root zone conditionse0
- Direction
- optimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucose addition optimized root zone conditions”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose addition enhanced root vitality, morphology and biomass.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- glucose additione0
- Outcome
- root vitality, morphology and biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucose addition optimized root zone conditions, and enhanced root vitality, morphology and biomass”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
SS+Glu-2 increased root nitrate and nitrite content significantly.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- SS+Glu-2e0
- Outcome
- contents of nitrate (NO3-N) and nitrite (NO2-N)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the contents of nitrate (NO3-N) and nitrite (NO2-N)”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Glu-2 increased root nitrate and nitrite content significantly.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Glu-2e0
- Outcome
- contents of nitrate (NO3-N) and nitrite (NO2-N)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the contents of nitrate (NO3-N) and nitrite (NO2-N)”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
SS+Glu-2 sharply decreased root ammonium content.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- SS+Glu-2e0
- Outcome
- ammonium (NH4+-N) contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- no glucose additione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the contents of nitrate (NO3-N) and nitrite (NO2-N), but sharply decreased (P<0.05) the ammonium (NH4+-N) content compared with no glucose addition”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Glu-2 sharply decreased root ammonium content.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Glu-2e0
- Outcome
- ammonium (NH4+-N) contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- no glucose additione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the contents of nitrate (NO3-N) and nitrite (NO2-N), but sharply decreased (P<0.05) the ammonium (NH4+-N) content compared with no glucose addition”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
SS+Glu-2 increased root nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities and transcript levels.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- SS+Glu-2e1
- Outcome
- enzymic activities and gene transcript levels involved in root N metabolisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these two treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased the enzymic activities and gene transcript levels involved in root N metabolism”
e1“Both SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Glu-2 increased root nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities and transcript levels.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Glu-2e1
- Outcome
- enzymic activities and gene transcript levels involved in root N metabolisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these two treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased the enzymic activities and gene transcript levels involved in root N metabolism”
e1“Both SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments”
t0“apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
High glucose addition promoted root nitrogen assimilation and transformation into free amino acids.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- high level of glucose additione0
- Outcome
- N assimilation and transformation into free amino acids by roote0
- Direction
- promotede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high level of glucose addition promoted N assimilation and transformation into free amino acids by root”
t0“apple roots”
The same questions in other papers
glucose · soil: biology · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
glucose · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.