Abstract
Abstract: Both protein and starch hydrolysis contribute to the effective mobilization of seed reserves to trigger seed germination. We studied the activities of hydrolytic enzymes in germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1. Exposure to Cd stress decreased the seed germination rate and early seedling growth traits, including root and shoot length and plant fresh and dry biomass compared to control. The adverse effects of Cd were more prominent in terms of shoot length than root length. Seedling α-amylase and protease activities exhibited significant reductions with increasing Cd dose. We also recorded Cd-induced reduction in total soluble proteins and sugars while the concentration of free amino acids exhibited an increase. Above all, a decrease in the hydrolysis process of reserve carbohydrates, proteins and impaired reserve translocation contributed to the inhibition of seedlings’ germination and early growth traits.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced germination rate compared with control.
- Taxon
- mung bean (Vigna radiata)
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Vigna radiatae1 - Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- seed germination ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to Cd stress decreased the seed germination rate and early seedling growth traits, including root and shoot length and plant fresh and dry biomass compared to control”
t0“mungbean”
e1“germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced seedling root and shoot length.
- Taxon
- mung bean (Vigna radiata)Vigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- root and shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to Cd stress decreased the seed germination rate and early seedling growth traits, including root and shoot length and plant fresh and dry biomass compared to control”
t0“mungbean”
e1“germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced plant fresh and dry biomass.
- Taxon
- mung bean (Vigna radiata)Vigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- plant fresh and dry biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to Cd stress decreased the seed germination rate and early seedling growth traits, including root and shoot length and plant fresh and dry biomass compared to control”
t0“mungbean”
e1“germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium adversely affected shoot length more than root length.
- Taxon
- mung bean (Vigna radiata)Vigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- more prominente0
- Comparator
- root lengthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adverse effects of Cd were more prominent in terms of shoot length than root length”
t0“mungbean”
e1“germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium dose significantly reduced seedling α-amylase activity.
- Taxon
- mung bean (Vigna radiata)Vigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- increasing Cd dosee0
- Outcome
- α-amylasee0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling α-amylase and protease activities exhibited significant reductions with increasing Cd dose”
t0“mungbean”
e1“germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium dose significantly reduced seedling protease activity.
- Taxon
- mung bean (Vigna radiata)Vigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- increasing Cd dosee0
- Outcome
- protease activitiese0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling α-amylase and protease activities exhibited significant reductions with increasing Cd dose”
t0“mungbean”
e1“germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced total soluble proteins.
- Taxon
- mung bean (Vigna radiata)Vigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd-induced reduction in total soluble proteins and sugars”
t0“mungbean”
e1“germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced sugars.
- Taxon
- mung bean (Vigna radiata)Vigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- sugarse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd-induced reduction in total soluble proteins and sugars”
t0“mungbean”
e1“germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased free amino acid concentration.
- Taxon
- mung bean (Vigna radiata)Vigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- cadmium stresse1
- Outcome
- concentration of free amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of free amino acids exhibited an increase”
t0“seed germination, plant growth and hydrolyzing enzymes activities in mungbean seedlings”
e1“germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced reserve hydrolysis and translocation contributed to inhibited germination and growth.
- Taxon
- mung bean (Vigna radiata)Vigna radiatae1
- Outcome
- inhibition of seedlings’ germination and early growth traitse0
- Qualifier
- a decrease in the hydrolysis process of reserve carbohydrates, proteins and impaired reserve translocatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the hydrolysis process of reserve carbohydrates, proteins and impaired reserve translocation contributed to the inhibition of seedlings’ germination and early growth traits”
t0“mungbean”
e1“germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.