Abstract
Plant hormones play pivotal roles as signals of plant-pathogen interactions. Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection. SA and ABA are more efficient and confer a longer-lasting resistance against TCV than JA and ETH, and the plant hormones interact in effecting the plant defence. Synergistic actions of SA and JA, and SA and ET, and an antagonistic action of SA and ABA have been observed in the Arabidopsis-TCV interaction. ABA can down-regulate the expression of the pathogenesis-related genes PR1 and PDF1.2, and compared to the wild type, it drastically reduces TCV accumulation in NahG transgenic plants and the eds5-p1 mutant, both of which do not accumulate SA. This indicates that SA signaling negatively regulates the ABA-mediated defence. ABA-induced resistance against TCV is independent of SA. We also found that mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MPK5) may be involved in ABA-mediated defence. These results indicate that Arabidopsis can activate distinct signals to inhibit virus accumulation. Cooperative or antagonistic crosstalk between them is pivotal for establishing disease resistance. These results show potential to enhance the plant defence against viruses by manipulating diverse hormones.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous salicylic acid reduces Turnip crinkle virus accumulation in systemic leaves during early infection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Organ / stage
- systemic leavese0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA)e0
- Interactor
- Turnip crinkle virus (TCV)e0pathogen
- Outcome
- Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- during early infectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous jasmonic acid reduces Turnip crinkle virus accumulation in systemic leaves during early infection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- systemic leavese0
- Treatment
- jasmonic acid (JA)e0
- Interactor
- Turnip crinkle virus (TCV)e0pathogen
- Outcome
- Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- during early infectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ethephon reduces Turnip crinkle virus accumulation in systemic leaves during early infection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- systemic leavese0
- Treatment
- ethephon (ETH)e0
- Interactor
- Turnip crinkle virus (TCV)e0pathogen
- Outcome
- Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- during early infectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous abscisic acid reduces Turnip crinkle virus accumulation in systemic leaves during early infection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- systemic leavese0
- Treatment
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Interactor
- Turnip crinkle virus (TCV)e0pathogen
- Outcome
- Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- during early infectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gives more efficient and longer-lasting resistance against TCV than jasmonic acid and ethephon.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- SAe1
- Outcome
- resistance against TCVe1
- Direction
- more efficiente1
- Qualifier
- longer-lastinge1
- Comparator
- JA and ETHe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
e1“SA and ABA are more efficient and confer a longer-lasting resistance against TCV than JA and ETH, and the plant hormones interact in effecting the plant defence”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid gives more efficient and longer-lasting resistance against TCV than jasmonic acid and ethephon.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- resistance against TCVe1
- Direction
- more efficiente1
- Qualifier
- longer-lastinge1
- Comparator
- JA and ETHe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
e1“SA and ABA are more efficient and confer a longer-lasting resistance against TCV than JA and ETH, and the plant hormones interact in effecting the plant defence”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid act synergistically in the Arabidopsis-TCV interaction.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- SA and JAe2
- Outcome
- Synergistic actionse2
- Direction
- Synergistice2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Synergistic actions of SA and JA, and SA and ET, and an antagonistic action of SA and ABA have been observed in the Arabidopsis-TCV interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid and ethephon act synergistically in the Arabidopsis-TCV interaction.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- SA and ETe2
- Outcome
- Synergistic actionse2
- Direction
- Synergistice2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Synergistic actions of SA and JA, and SA and ET, and an antagonistic action of SA and ABA have been observed in the Arabidopsis-TCV interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid and abscisic acid act antagonistically in the Arabidopsis-TCV interaction.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- SA and ABAe2
- Outcome
- antagonistic actione2
- Direction
- antagonistice2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Synergistic actions of SA and JA, and SA and ET, and an antagonistic action of SA and ABA have been observed in the Arabidopsis-TCV interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid down-regulates expression of the pathogenesis-related genes PR1 and PDF1.2.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- ABAe3
- Gene
- pathogenesis-related genes PR1 and PDF1.2e3
- Outcome
- expression of the pathogenesis-related genese3
- Direction
- down-regulatee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
e3“ABA can down-regulate the expression of the pathogenesis-related genes PR1 and PDF1.2”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid drastically reduces TCV accumulation in NahG transgenic plants and the eds5-p1 mutant compared with wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- NahG transgenic plants and the eds5-p1 mutante3
- Treatment
- ABAe3
- Outcome
- TCV accumulatione3
- Direction
- drastically reducese3
- Comparator
- wild typee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
e3“ABA can down-regulate the expression of the pathogenesis-related genes PR1 and PDF1.2, and compared to the wild type, it drastically reduces TCV accumulation in NahG transgenic plants and the eds5-p1 mutant, both of which do not accumulate SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid signalling negatively regulates abscisic acid-mediated defence.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Compound
- SAe4
- Outcome
- ABA-mediated defencee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
e4“This indicates that SA signaling negatively regulates the ABA-mediated defence”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid-induced resistance against TCV is independent of salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Compound
- SAe5
- Outcome
- resistance against TCVe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
e5“ABA-induced resistance against TCV is independent of SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 may be involved in abscisic acid-mediated defence.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MPK5)e6
- Outcome
- ABA-mediated defencee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
e6“We also found that mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MPK5) may be involved in ABA-mediated defence”
Claim · model-written summary
Manipulating diverse plant hormones may enhance plant defence against viruses.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- manipulating diverse hormonese7
- Outcome
- plant defence against virusese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection”
e7“These results show potential to enhance the plant defence against viruses by manipulating diverse hormones”
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