Abstract
Flower size, a primary agronomic trait in breeding of ornamental plants, is largely determined by petal expansion. Generally, ethylene acts as an inhibitor of petal expansion, but its effect is restricted by unknown developmental cues. In this study, we found that the critical node of ethylene-inhibited petal expansion is between stages 1 and 2 of rose flower opening. To uncover the underlying regulatory mechanism, we carried out a comparative RNA-seq analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in auxin-signaling pathways were enriched. Therefore, we identified an auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family gene, RhIAA14, whose expression was development-specifically repressed by ethylene. The silencing of RhIAA14 reduced cell expansion, resulting in diminished petal expansion and flower size. In addition, the expressions of cell-expansion-related genes, including RhXTH6, RhCesA2, RhPIP2;1, and RhEXPA8, were significantly downregulated following RhIAA14 silencing. Our results reveal an Aux/IAA that serves as a key player in orchestrating petal expansion and ultimately contributes to flower size, which provides new insights into ethylene-modulated flower opening and the function of the Aux/IAA transcription regulator.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The critical window for ethylene inhibition of rose petal expansion was between flower-opening stages 1 and 2.
Verbatim
t0“Rose (Rosa hybrida)”
e0“the critical node of ethylene-inhibited petal expansion is between stages 1 and 2 of rose flower opening”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin-signaling genes were enriched among the differentially expressed genes.
Verbatim
t0“Rose (Rosa hybrida)”
e0“Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in auxin-signaling pathways were enriched”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene repressed RhIAA14 expression in a development-specific manner.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Rose (Rosa hybrida)”
e0“RhIAA14, whose expression was development-specifically repressed by ethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing RhIAA14 reduced cell and petal expansion and flower size.
- Taxon
- Roset0
- Treatment
- silencing of RhIAA14e0
- Gene
- RhIAA14e0
- Outcome
- cell expansion, resulting in diminished petal expansion and flower sizee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Rose (Rosa hybrida)”
e0“The silencing of RhIAA14 reduced cell expansion, resulting in diminished petal expansion and flower size”
Claim · model-written summary
RhIAA14 silencing significantly downregulated RhXTH6, RhCesA2 and RhPIP2;1 expression.
- Taxon
- Roset0
- Treatment
- RhIAA14 silencinge0
- Gene
- RhXTH6, RhCesA2, RhPIP2;1e0
- Outcome
- expressions of cell-expansion-related genese0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Rose (Rosa hybrida)”
e0“the expressions of cell-expansion-related genes, including RhXTH6, RhCesA2, RhPIP2;1, and RhEXPA8, were significantly downregulated following RhIAA14 silencing”
Claim · model-written summary
RhIAA14 silencing significantly downregulated RhEXPA8 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Rose (Rosa hybrida)”
e0“RhEXPA8, were significantly downregulated following RhIAA14 silencing”
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