Abstract
Premature petal senescence dramatically reduces flower quality and value. Ethylene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key players in accelerating rose petal senescence, but the molecular mechanism by which ethylene antagonizes ROS scavenging is not well understood. Here, we showed that ethylene reduces ascorbic acid (AsA) production, leading to the accumulation of ROS and hastening petal senescence. Ethylene treatment suppressed the expression of GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase 1 (RhGGP1), encoding the rate-controlling enzyme in AsA biosynthesis. A HOMEODOMAIN-LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD-ZIP) II transcription factor, RhHB22, directly bound to the promoter of RhGGP1 and inhibited its transcription. RhHB22 is induced by ethylene, and silencing of RhHB22 increased RhGGP1 expression and AsA production, resulting in reduced H2O2 accumulation and delayed petal senescence. Additionally, the delayed petal senescence symptoms of RhHB22-silenced plants were suppressed by silencing RhGGP1. Moreover, the expression of RhGGP1, which is suppressed by ethylene in wild-type petals, was significantly compromised in RhHB22-silenced petals. These findings uncover the transcriptional regulatory mechanism by which ethylene promotes ROS accumulation and petal senescence by inhibiting AsA biosynthesis, enhance our understanding of ethylene-induced petal senescence, and provide novel insights for improving the longevity of cut flowers.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene reduced ascorbic acid production.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ethylene reduces ascorbic acid (AsA) production”
t0“in rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene led to ROS accumulation.
Verbatim
e0“leading to the accumulation of ROS”
t0“in rose”
e1“ethylene reduces ascorbic acid (AsA) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene hastened petal senescence.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“hastening petal senescence”
t0“in rose”
e1“ethylene reduces ascorbic acid (AsA) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene suppressed RhGGP1 expression.
- Taxon
- roset0
- Treatment
- Ethylene treatmente0
- Gene
- RhGGP1e0
- Outcome
- expression of GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase 1 (RhGGP1)e0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene treatment suppressed the expression of GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase 1 (RhGGP1)”
t0“in rose”
Claim · model-written summary
RhHB22 bound directly to the RhGGP1 promoter.
Verbatim
e0“RhHB22, directly bound to the promoter of RhGGP1”
t0“in rose”
Claim · model-written summary
RhHB22 inhibited RhGGP1 transcription.
Verbatim
e0“RhHB22, directly bound to the promoter of RhGGP1 and inhibited its transcription”
t0“in rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induced RhHB22.
Verbatim
e0“RhHB22 is induced by ethylene”
t0“in rose”
Claim · model-written summary
RhHB22 silencing increased RhGGP1 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“silencing of RhHB22 increased RhGGP1 expression and AsA production”
t0“in rose”
Claim · model-written summary
RhHB22 silencing increased AsA production.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“silencing of RhHB22 increased RhGGP1 expression and AsA production”
t0“in rose”
Claim · model-written summary
RhHB22 silencing reduced H2O2 accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“resulting in reduced H2O2 accumulation and delayed petal senescence”
t0“in rose”
e1“delayed petal senescence symptoms of RhHB22-silenced plants were suppressed by silencing RhGGP1”
Claim · model-written summary
RhHB22 silencing delayed petal senescence.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“resulting in reduced H2O2 accumulation and delayed petal senescence”
t0“in rose”
e1“delayed petal senescence symptoms of RhHB22-silenced plants were suppressed by silencing RhGGP1”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing RhGGP1 suppressed delayed senescence in RhHB22-silenced plants.
- Taxon
- roset0
- Treatment
- silencing RhGGP1e0
- Outcome
- delayed petal senescence symptomse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“delayed petal senescence symptoms of RhHB22-silenced plants were suppressed by silencing RhGGP1”
t0“in rose”
Claim · model-written summary
RhGGP1 expression under ethylene was compromised in RhHB22-silenced petals.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of RhGGP1, which is suppressed by ethylene in wild-type petals, was significantly compromised in RhHB22-silenced petals”
t0“in rose”
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