Abstract
In many plant species, including rose (Rosa hybrida), flower senescence is promoted by the gaseous hormone ethylene and inhibited by the cytokinin (CTK) class of hormones. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these antagonistic effects are not well understood. In this study, we characterized the association between a pathogenesis-related PR-10 family gene from rose (RhPR10.1) and the hormonal regulation of flower senescence. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that RhPR10.1 was expressed at high levels during senescence in different floral organs, including petal, sepal, receptacle, stamen, and pistil, and that expression was induced by ethylene treatment. Silencing of RhPR10.1 expression in rose plants by virus-induced gene silencing accelerated flower senescence, which was accompanied by a higher ion leakage rate in the petals, as well as increased expression of the senescence marker gene RhSAG12 CTK content and the expression of three CTK signaling pathway genes were reduced in RhPR10.1-silenced plants, and the accelerated rate of petal senescence that was apparent in the RhPR10.1-silenced plants was restored to normal levels by CTK treatment. Finally, RhHB6, a homeodomain-Leu zipper I transcription factor, was observed to bind to the RhPR10.1 promoter, and silencing of its expression also promoted flower senescence. Our results reveal an ethylene-induced RhHB6-RhPR10.1 regulatory module that functions as a brake of ethylene-promoted senescence through increasing the CTK content.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
RhPR10.1 was highly expressed during senescence in floral organs.
Verbatim
e0“RhPR10.1 was expressed at high levels during senescence in different floral organs, including petal, sepal, receptacle, stamen, and pistil”
e1“rose (Rosa hybrida)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induced RhPR10.1 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“expression was induced by ethylene treatment”
e1“RhPR10.1 was expressed at high levels during senescence”
e2“rose (Rosa hybrida)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing RhPR10.1 accelerated flower senescence.
- Taxon
- rosee0
- Treatment
- Silencing of RhPR10.1 expressione0
- Gene
- RhPR10.1e0
- Outcome
- flower senescencee0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of RhPR10.1 expression in rose plants by virus-induced gene silencing accelerated flower senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
RhPR10.1 silencing increased petal ion leakage.
- Taxon
- rosee0
- Organ / stage
- petalse0
- Treatment
- Silencing of RhPR10.1 expressione0
- Gene
- RhPR10.1e0
- Outcome
- ion leakage ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of RhPR10.1 expression in rose plants by virus-induced gene silencing accelerated flower senescence, which was accompanied by a higher ion leakage rate in the petals”
Claim · model-written summary
RhPR10.1 silencing increased RhSAG12 expression.
- Taxon
- rosee0
- Treatment
- Silencing of RhPR10.1 expressione0
- Gene
- RhSAG12e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of RhPR10.1 expression in rose plants by virus-induced gene silencing accelerated flower senescence, which was accompanied by a higher ion leakage rate in the petals, as well as increased expression of the senescence marker gene RhSAG12”
Claim · model-written summary
RhPR10.1 silencing reduced cytokinin content.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“CTK content and the expression of three CTK signaling pathway genes were reduced in RhPR10.1-silenced plants”
e1“rose (Rosa hybrida)”
Claim · model-written summary
RhPR10.1 silencing reduced expression of three cytokinin signaling genes.
- Taxon
- rosee1
- Treatment
- RhPR10.1-silencede0
- Outcome
- expression of three CTK signaling pathway genese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“CTK content and the expression of three CTK signaling pathway genes were reduced in RhPR10.1-silenced plants”
e1“rose (Rosa hybrida)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin treatment restored normal petal senescence in RhPR10.1-silenced plants.
Verbatim
e0“the accelerated rate of petal senescence that was apparent in the RhPR10.1-silenced plants was restored to normal levels by CTK treatment”
e1“rose (Rosa hybrida)”
Claim · model-written summary
RhHB6 binds the RhPR10.1 promoter.
Verbatim
e0“RhHB6, a homeodomain-Leu zipper I transcription factor, was observed to bind to the RhPR10.1 promoter”
e1“rose (Rosa hybrida)”
Claim · model-written summary
RhHB6 silencing promoted flower senescence.
- Taxon
- rosee1
- Treatment
- silencing of its expressione0
- Gene
- RhHB6e0
- Outcome
- flower senescencee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“RhHB6, a homeodomain-Leu zipper I transcription factor, was observed to bind to the RhPR10.1 promoter, and silencing of its expression also promoted flower senescence”
e1“rose (Rosa hybrida)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethylene-induced RhHB6-RhPR10.1 module delays senescence by raising cytokinin content.
Verbatim
e0“an ethylene-induced RhHB6-RhPR10.1 regulatory module that functions as a brake of ethylene-promoted senescence through increasing the CTK content”
e1“rose (Rosa hybrida)”
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