Paper · 2022 · Journal of Plant Nutrition

Efficacy of neem and zinc coated urea on productivity and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Meenakshi Gupta; Meenakshi Attri; B. C. Sharma; et al.

10
claims
19
verbatim quotes
7
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer-use efficiency (20 − 50%) is low in wheat fields in India. Coated urea can increase N-use efficiency in wheat, but a desirable coating for use with urea is not widely accepted yet. Therefore, to study the efficacy of coated urea on productivity and economics of wheat, an experiment was conducted at Research Farm of SKUAST-J, India, during winter season of 2017 − 2018 and 2018 − 2019. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 11 treatment combinations, replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of various doses of different types of coated urea viz prilled urea, Neem coated urea (NCU), Zinc coated urea (ZnCU), and Neem + Zinc coated urea (NCU + ZnCU). Different doses of coated urea fertilizers showed significant effect on the growth, yield, economics, and nutrient uptake of wheat crop. Application of 100% of recommended (Rec.) nitrogen (N) through ZnCU + Rec. Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) (T8) showed significantly better growth, yield attributing characters and grain and straw yield, during both the years of study and remained statistically at par with the application of 85% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T7), 100% of Rec. N through NCU + ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T11), 85% of Rec. N through NCU + ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn(T10) and 100% of Rec. N through NCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T5).Similarly, nutrient uptake (N, K and Zn), net returns, and B:C ratio were also observed to be significantly higher with the application of 100% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn than other treatments. However, maximum mean Agronomic use efficiency (AUE) and Recovery use efficiency (RUE) of 36.2% and 30.0%, respectively, were found with the application of 85% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T7) over the application of100% of Rec. N through urea + Rec. P, K, & Zn(T2).

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Coated urea doses significantly affected wheat growth, yield, economics and nutrient uptake.

Treatment
Different doses of coated urea fertilizerse0
Outcome
growth, yield, economics, and nutrient uptakee0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Different doses of coated urea fertilizers showed significant effect on the growth, yield, economics, and nutrient uptake of wheat crop.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 704–840 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

T8 produced significantly better growth during both study years.

Treatment
100% of recommended (Rec.) nitrogen (N) through ZnCU + Rec. Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) (T8)e0
Outcome
growthe0
Direction
bettere0
Qualifier
during both the years of studye0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 100% of recommended (Rec.) nitrogen (N) through ZnCU + Rec. Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) (T8) showed significantly better growth, yield attributing characters and grain and straw yield, during both the years of study and remained statistically at par with the application of 85% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T7), 100% of Rec. N through NCU + ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T11), 85% of Rec. N through NCU + ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn(T10) and 100% of Rec. N through NCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T5).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 841–1366 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–96 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

T8 produced significantly better yield attributing characters during both study years.

Treatment
100% of recommended (Rec.) nitrogen (N) through ZnCU + Rec. Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) (T8)e0
Outcome
yield attributing characterse0
Direction
bettere0
Qualifier
during both the years of studye0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 100% of recommended (Rec.) nitrogen (N) through ZnCU + Rec. Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) (T8) showed significantly better growth, yield attributing characters and grain and straw yield, during both the years of study and remained statistically at par with the application of 85% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T7), 100% of Rec. N through NCU + ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T11), 85% of Rec. N through NCU + ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn(T10) and 100% of Rec. N through NCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T5).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 841–1366 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–96 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

T8 produced significantly better grain and straw yield during both study years.

Treatment
100% of recommended (Rec.) nitrogen (N) through ZnCU + Rec. Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) (T8)e0
Outcome
grain and straw yielde0
Direction
bettere0
Qualifier
during both the years of studye0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 100% of recommended (Rec.) nitrogen (N) through ZnCU + Rec. Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) (T8) showed significantly better growth, yield attributing characters and grain and straw yield, during both the years of study and remained statistically at par with the application of 85% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T7), 100% of Rec. N through NCU + ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T11), 85% of Rec. N through NCU + ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn(T10) and 100% of Rec. N through NCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T5).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 841–1366 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–96 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

T8 was statistically comparable with T7, T11, T10 and T5 for the reported growth and yield traits.

Outcome
growth, yield attributing characters and grain and straw yielde0
Direction
statistically at pare0
Qualifier
during both the years of studye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 100% of recommended (Rec.) nitrogen (N) through ZnCU + Rec. Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) (T8) showed significantly better growth, yield attributing characters and grain and straw yield, during both the years of study and remained statistically at par with the application of 85% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T7), 100% of Rec. N through NCU + ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T11), 85% of Rec. N through NCU + ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn(T10) and 100% of Rec. N through NCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T5).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 841–1366 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–96 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

T8 significantly increased nutrient uptake (N, K and Zn) relative to other treatments.

Treatment
100% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zne0
Outcome
nutrient uptake (N, K and Zn)e0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
other treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Similarly, nutrient uptake (N, K and Zn), net returns, and B:C ratio were also observed to be significantly higher with the application of 100% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn than other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1366–1573 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–96 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

T8 significantly increased net returns relative to other treatments.

Treatment
100% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zne0
Outcome
net returnse0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
other treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Similarly, nutrient uptake (N, K and Zn), net returns, and B:C ratio were also observed to be significantly higher with the application of 100% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn than other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1366–1573 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–96 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

T8 significantly increased B:C ratio relative to other treatments.

Treatment
100% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zne0
Outcome
B:C ratioe0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
other treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Similarly, nutrient uptake (N, K and Zn), net returns, and B:C ratio were also observed to be significantly higher with the application of 100% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn than other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1366–1573 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–96 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 yielded maximum mean Agronomic use efficiency (AUE) of 36.2% over T2.

Treatment
85% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T7)e0
Outcome
Agronomic use efficiency (AUE)e0
Direction
maximume0
Value
36.2%e0
Comparator
100% of Rec. N through urea + Rec. P, K, & Zn(T2)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“However, maximum mean Agronomic use efficiency (AUE) and Recovery use efficiency (RUE) of 36.2% and 30.0%, respectively, were found with the application of 85% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T7) over the application of100% of Rec. N through urea + Rec. P, K, & Zn(T2).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1574–1853 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–96 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 yielded maximum mean Recovery use efficiency (RUE) of 30.0% over T2.

Treatment
85% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T7)e0
Outcome
Recovery use efficiency (RUE)e0
Direction
maximume0
Value
30.0%e0
Comparator
100% of Rec. N through urea + Rec. P, K, & Zn(T2)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“However, maximum mean Agronomic use efficiency (AUE) and Recovery use efficiency (RUE) of 36.2% and 30.0%, respectively, were found with the application of 85% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K, & Zn (T7) over the application of100% of Rec. N through urea + Rec. P, K, & Zn(T2).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1574–1853 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–96 · show in text ↑

zinc atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

200 papers: 155 positive, 45 negative or no effect

154 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect
    Wheat plants with low Mn or low Zn supply showed no growth differences from controls at the three harvests.

    Distribution and remobilization of Zn and Mn during grain development in wheat · 1994 · compared with controls (sufficient Zn and Mn)

    Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round

196 papers more in this group

See all 200 papers →

zinc atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

380 papers: 347 positive, 33 negative or no effect

346 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

376 papers more in this group

See all 380 papers →

zinc atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

511 papers: 456 positive, 55 negative or no effect

455 papers in the same direction as this paper · 49 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. negative

507 papers more in this group

See all 511 papers →

potassium · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

79 papers: 66 positive, 13 negative or no effect

65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

75 papers more in this group

See all 79 papers →

potassium · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

82 papers: 71 positive, 11 negative or no effect

70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

78 papers more in this group

See all 82 papers →

phosphorus · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

193 papers: 158 positive, 35 negative or no effect

157 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

189 papers more in this group

See all 193 papers →

phosphorus · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

226 papers: 198 positive, 28 negative or no effect

197 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

222 papers more in this group

See all 226 papers →

potassium · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

257 papers: 227 positive, 30 negative or no effect

226 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. no effect

253 papers more in this group

See all 257 papers →

8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.