Abstract
Eight Trichoderma strains were evaluated for their potential to protect wheat seedlings against severe (no irrigation within two weeks) water stress (WS). Considering the plant fresh weight and phenotype, T. asperellum T140, which displays 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity and which is able to produce several phytohormones, was selected. The molecular and biochemical results obtained from 4-week-old wheat seedlings linked T140 application with a downregulation in the WS-response genes, a decrease in antioxidant activities, and a drop in the proline content, as well as low levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in response to severe WS. All of these responses are indicative of T140-primed seedlings having a higher tolerance to drought than those that are left untreated. A greenhouse assay performed under high nitrogen fertilization served to explore the long-term effects of T140 on wheat plants subjected to moderate (halved irrigation) WS. Even though all of the plants showed acclimation to moderate WS regardless of T140 application, there was a positive effect exerted by T. asperellum on the level of tolerance of the wheat plants to this stress. Strain T140 modulated the expression of a plant ABA-dependent WS marker and produced increased plant superoxide dismutase activity, which would explain the positive effect of Trichoderma on increasing crop yields under moderate WS conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of T. asperellum T140 as a biostimulant for wheat plants under WS conditions, making them more tolerant to drought.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Among eight strains, T. asperellum T140 was selected on wheat fresh weight and phenotype.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- T. asperellum T140
Trichoderma asperellume0symbiont - Outcome
- plant fresh weight and phenotypee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considering the plant fresh weight and phenotype, T. asperellum T140, which displays 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity and which is able to produce several phytohormones, was selected.”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
T140 application downregulated wheat water-stress-response genes under severe water stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- T140 applicatione0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma asperellumTrichoderma asperellumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- WS-response genese0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular and biochemical results obtained from 4-week-old wheat seedlings linked T140 application with a downregulation in the WS-response genes”
t0“Trichoderma asperellum”
Claim · model-written summary
T140 application decreased antioxidant activities and proline content in wheat seedlings under severe water stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- T140 applicatione0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma asperellumTrichoderma asperellumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T140 application with a downregulation in the WS-response genes, a decrease in antioxidant activities, and a drop in the proline content”
e1“4-week-old wheat seedlings”
t0“Trichoderma asperellum”
Claim · model-written summary
T140 application was associated with lower hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in wheat seedlings under severe water stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- T140 applicatione1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma asperellumTrichoderma asperellumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in response to severe WS.”
e1“4-week-old wheat seedlings linked T140 application”
t0“Trichoderma asperellum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that T140-primed seedlings had higher drought tolerance than untreated seedlings.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T140-primede0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma asperellumTrichoderma asperellumt1symbiont
- Outcome
- tolerance to droughte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- those that are left untreatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T140-primed seedlings having a higher tolerance to drought than those that are left untreated.”
t0“Wheat Plants”
t1“Trichoderma asperellum”
Claim · model-written summary
All wheat plants acclimated to moderate water stress regardless of T140 application.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- acclimation to moderate WSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all of the plants showed acclimation to moderate WS regardless of T140 application”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
T. asperellum improved wheat tolerance to moderate water stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- T. asperellume0
- Interactor
- T. asperellumTrichoderma asperellume0symbiont
- Outcome
- level of tolerancee0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a positive effect exerted by T. asperellum on the level of tolerance of the wheat plants to this stress.”
e1“moderate (halved irrigation) WS”
Claim · model-written summary
T140 modulated expression of a wheat ABA-dependent water-stress marker.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Strain T140e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma asperellumTrichoderma asperellumt1symbiont
- Outcome
- expression of a plant ABA-dependent WS markere0
- Direction
- modulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain T140 modulated the expression of a plant ABA-dependent WS marker”
t0“Wheat Plants”
t1“Trichoderma asperellum”
Claim · model-written summary
T140 increased wheat superoxide dismutase activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma asperellumt1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma asperellumTrichoderma asperellumt1symbiont
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“produced increased plant superoxide dismutase activity”
t0“Wheat Plants”
t1“Trichoderma asperellum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute increased wheat crop yield under moderate water stress to T140-related marker expression and superoxide dismutase activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0symbiont - Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Qualifier
- under moderate WS conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain T140 modulated the expression of a plant ABA-dependent WS marker and produced increased plant superoxide dismutase activity, which would explain the positive effect of Trichoderma on increasing crop yields under moderate WS conditions.”
t0“Wheat Plants”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma asperellum · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma asperellum · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.