Abstract
Salinity adversely affects plant growth and productivity worldwide. To overcome salinity and other abiotic stresses, safe, ecofriendly biofertilizers that stimulate productivity have been experiencing rising demand, alongside decreasing use of mineral fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the growth, yield, physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat crop as a response to two potassium-solubilizing microorganisms (KSMs), Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus circulans, with 50% or 75% of the recommended amount of K fertilizer (potassium sulphate), combined with no or 25% feldspar as well as 1.5% potassium sulphate (K-leaf) as foliar application, and all treatments were compared with a control treatment under salt-affected soil conditions, during two winter seasons in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to set up the experiment. Results showed that the vegetative growth, yield, physiological and biochemical parameters were affected under salt-affected soil conditions. Nevertheless, inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application mitigated the deleterious effect of salt-affected soil conditions by improving growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase) content, total soluble sugars, relative water content, potassium content in leaves, grains yield, and some biochemical constituents in the grains and straw. Meanwhile, these treatments decreased proline content, Na+ content in leaves, and the Na+/K+ ratio as compared to the control treatment. The most pronounced treatment, inoculation by B. circulans with 1.5% K-leaf as foliar application, significantly increased grain yield by 16.41% relative to the control treatment. It could be concluded that inoculating wheat with KSMs T. asperellum and B. circulans with 1.5% K-leaf as foliar application will increase wheat salinity tolerance and wheat productivity and decrease the detrimental effect of salinity on wheat growth and grain yield quantity and quality under salt-affected soils conditions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application improved growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment content of wheat under salt-affected soil compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium applicatione1
- Interactor
- T. asperellum
Trichoderma asperellume1symbiont - Second interactor
- B. circulanse1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment contente1
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- control treatmente2
- Setting
- salt-affected soil conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application mitigated the deleterious effect of salt-affected soil conditions by improving growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content”
e2“all treatments were compared with a control treatment under salt-affected soil conditions”
t0“Productivity of Wheat Crop under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application improved antioxidant enzyme content of wheat under salt-affected soil compared with the control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium applicatione1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase) contente3
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- control treatmente2
- Setting
- salt-affected soil conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application mitigated the deleterious effect of salt-affected soil conditions by improving growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content”
e2“all treatments were compared with a control treatment under salt-affected soil conditions”
e3“antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase) content”
t0“Productivity of Wheat Crop under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application improved total soluble sugars, relative water content and leaf potassium content of wheat under salt-affected soil compared with the control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium applicatione1
- Outcome
- total soluble sugars, relative water content, potassium content in leavese4
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- control treatmente2
- Setting
- salt-affected soil conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application mitigated the deleterious effect of salt-affected soil conditions by improving growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content”
e2“all treatments were compared with a control treatment under salt-affected soil conditions”
e4“total soluble sugars, relative water content, potassium content in leaves, grains yield, and some biochemical constituents in the grains and straw”
t0“Productivity of Wheat Crop under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application improved grain yield of wheat under salt-affected soil compared with the control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium applicatione1
- Outcome
- grains yielde4
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- control treatmente2
- Setting
- salt-affected soil conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application mitigated the deleterious effect of salt-affected soil conditions by improving growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content”
e2“all treatments were compared with a control treatment under salt-affected soil conditions”
e4“total soluble sugars, relative water content, potassium content in leaves, grains yield, and some biochemical constituents in the grains and straw”
t0“Productivity of Wheat Crop under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application improved some biochemical constituents in the grains and straw of wheat under salt-affected soil compared with the control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium applicatione1
- Outcome
- some biochemical constituents in the grains and strawe4
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- control treatmente2
- Setting
- salt-affected soil conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“inoculation with T. asperellum and B. circulans with potassium application mitigated the deleterious effect of salt-affected soil conditions by improving growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content”
e2“all treatments were compared with a control treatment under salt-affected soil conditions”
e4“total soluble sugars, relative water content, potassium content in leaves, grains yield, and some biochemical constituents in the grains and straw”
t0“Productivity of Wheat Crop under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
These treatments decreased proline content, leaf Na+ content and the Na+/K+ ratio of wheat compared with the control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse5
- Outcome
- proline content, Na+ content in leaves, and the Na+/K+ ratioe5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Comparator
- control treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“these treatments decreased proline content, Na+ content in leaves, and the Na+/K+ ratio as compared to the control treatment”
t0“Productivity of Wheat Crop under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation by B. circulans with 1.5% K-leaf as foliar application significantly increased grain yield of wheat by 16.41% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation by B. circulans with 1.5% K-leaf as foliar applicatione6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 16.41%e6
- Comparator
- control treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“inoculation by B. circulans with 1.5% K-leaf as foliar application, significantly increased grain yield by 16.41% relative to the control treatment”
t0“Productivity of Wheat Crop under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculating wheat with T. asperellum and B. circulans with 1.5% K-leaf as foliar application is expected to increase wheat salinity tolerance and productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- inoculating wheat with KSMs T. asperellum and B. circulans with 1.5% K-leaf as foliar applicatione7
- Outcome
- wheat salinity tolerance and wheat productivitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“inoculating wheat with KSMs T. asperellum and B. circulans with 1.5% K-leaf as foliar application will increase wheat salinity tolerance and wheat productivity”
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See all 257 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.