Paper · 2022 · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

Integrated Nutrient Management in Maize-Cowpea Intercropping System Is an Attractive Option to Improve the Fodder Productivity and Quality

Malu Ram Yadav; Magan Singh; Rakesh Kumar; et al.

8
claims
10
verbatim quotes
9
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

The aim of present study was to assess the impact of integrated nutrient management in cereal-legume intercropping on fodder productivity, quality and nutrient uptake. The experiment was conducted during wet season of 2016 and 2017 at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana (India). Results indicated that significantly higher green fodder yield was recorded with monocropped maize with application of 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM and 100%RDF+Zn+FYM which remained statistically similar with maize and cowpea intercropped in 2M:1C ratio with application of 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM. Maize and cowpea intercropped in 1M:1C ratio recorded 20.4% higher crude protein (CP) yield over monocropped maize. The maize planted under 1M:1C ratio showed significantly higher macro and micronutrients content over monocropped. Furthermore, the maize and cowpea sown under 1M:1C ratio with application of 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM or 100%RDF+Zn+FYM also showed significantly higher nutrient uptake (macro and micronutrients) over remaining treatments. Therefore, intercropping of maize and cowpea in 1M:1C ratio with application of 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM or 100%RDF+Zn+FYM could be recommended to enhance forage productivity, nutrient uptake and also help in curtailing the external demand of protein by augmenting on farm protein production.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Monocropped maize with either specified nutrient treatment had significantly higher green fodder yield.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM and 100%RDF+Zn+FYMe0
Outcome
green fodder yielde0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“significantly higher green fodder yield was recorded with monocropped maize with application of 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM and 100%RDF+Zn+FYM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 323–456 · show in text ↑
t0

“Maize-Cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 34–46 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The green fodder yields of the leading monocrop treatments were statistically similar to maize-cowpea at 2M:1C with 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYMe0
Outcome
statistically similare0
Direction
statistically similare0
Comparator
maize and cowpea intercropped in 2M:1C ratioe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“which remained statistically similar with maize and cowpea intercropped in 2M:1C ratio with application of 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 457–582 · show in text ↑
t0

“Maize-Cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 34–46 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize and cowpea at 1M:1C produced 20.4% higher crude protein yield than monocropped maize.

Taxon
Maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse0
Treatment
intercropped in 1M:1C ratioe0
Outcome
crude protein (CP) yielde0
Direction
highere0
Value
20.4%e0
Comparator
monocropped maizee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Maize and cowpea intercropped in 1M:1C ratio recorded 20.4% higher crude protein (CP) yield over monocropped maize.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 584–699 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize at 1M:1C had significantly higher macro and micronutrient content than monocropped maize.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
1M:1C ratioe0
Outcome
macro and micronutrients contente0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
monocroppede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The maize planted under 1M:1C ratio showed significantly higher macro and micronutrients content over monocropped.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 700–814 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 1M:1C, 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM produced significantly higher macro and micronutrient uptake than remaining treatments.

Taxon
maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse0
Treatment
75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYMe0
Outcome
nutrient uptake (macro and micronutrients)e0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
remaining treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The maize and cowpea sown under 1M:1C ratio with application of 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM or 100%RDF+Zn+FYM also showed significantly higher nutrient uptake (macro and micronutrients) over remaining treatments.”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 828–1031 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 1M:1C, 100%RDF+Zn+FYM produced significantly higher macro and micronutrient uptake than remaining treatments.

Taxon
maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse0
Treatment
100%RDF+Zn+FYMe0
Outcome
nutrient uptake (macro and micronutrients)e0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
remaining treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The maize and cowpea sown under 1M:1C ratio with application of 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM or 100%RDF+Zn+FYM also showed significantly higher nutrient uptake (macro and micronutrients) over remaining treatments.”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 828–1031 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend 1M:1C intercropping with 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM for forage productivity, nutrient uptake and on-farm protein production.

Taxon
maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse0
Treatment
75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYMe0
Outcome
enhance forage productivity, nutrient uptake and also help in curtailing the external demand of protein by augmenting on farm protein productione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“intercropping of maize and cowpea in 1M:1C ratio with application of 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM or 100%RDF+Zn+FYM could be recommended to enhance forage productivity, nutrient uptake and also help in curtailing the external demand of protein by augmenting on farm protein production.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1043–1318 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend 1M:1C intercropping with 100%RDF+Zn+FYM for forage productivity, nutrient uptake and on-farm protein production.

Taxon
maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse0
Treatment
100%RDF+Zn+FYMe0
Outcome
enhance forage productivity, nutrient uptake and also help in curtailing the external demand of protein by augmenting on farm protein productione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“intercropping of maize and cowpea in 1M:1C ratio with application of 75%RDF+Zn+PGPR+FYM or 100%RDF+Zn+FYM could be recommended to enhance forage productivity, nutrient uptake and also help in curtailing the external demand of protein by augmenting on farm protein production.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1043–1318 · show in text ↑

zinc atom · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

235 papers: 199 positive, 36 negative or no effect

198 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

231 papers more in this group

See all 235 papers →

zinc atom · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

441 papers: 391 positive, 50 negative or no effect

390 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

437 papers more in this group

See all 441 papers →

zinc atom · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

10 papers: 8 positive, 2 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. positive

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

intercropping · quality: protein · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

13 papers: 8 positive, 5 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

9 papers more in this group

See all 13 papers →

inoculation · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

43 papers: 41 positive, 2 negative or no effect

40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. positive

39 papers more in this group

See all 43 papers →

intercropping · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

50 papers: 47 positive, 3 negative or no effect

46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

46 papers more in this group

See all 50 papers →

fertilization · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

78 papers: 71 positive, 7 negative or no effect

70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

74 papers more in this group

See all 78 papers →

inoculation · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

306 papers: 288 positive, 18 negative or no effect

287 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

302 papers more in this group

See all 306 papers →

8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.