Abstract
Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola 1 (RPM1)-induced protein kinase (RIPK) in Arabidopsis belongs to the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) family and plays a vital role in immunity. However, the role of RLCKs in the high-temperature seedling-plant (HTSP) resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the stripe rust pathogen, remains unclear. Here, we identified a homologous gene of RIPK in wheat, namely TaRIPK. Expression of TaRIPK was induced by Pst inoculation and high temperatures. Silencing of TaRIPK reduced the expression level of TaRPM1, resulting in weaker HTSP resistance. Moreover, TaRIPK interacts with and phosphorylates papain-like cysteine protease 1 (TaPLCP1). Meanwhile, we found that the Pst-secreted protein PSTG_01766 targets TaPLCP1. Transient expression of PSTG_01766 inhibited basal immunity in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and wheat. The role of PSTG_01766 as an effector involved in HTSP resistance was further supported by host-induced gene silencing and bacterial type three secretion system-mediated delivery into wheat. PSTG_01766 inhibited the TaRIPK-induced phosphorylation of TaPLCP1. Furthermore, PSTG_01766 has the potential to influence the subcellular localization of TaPLCP1. Overall, we suggest that the TaRIPK-TaPLCP1-TaRPM1 module fits the guard model for disease resistance, participating in HTSP resistance. PSTG_01766 decreases HTSP resistance via targeting TaPLCP1. Guarded by wheat and attacked by Pst, TaPLCP1 may serve as a central hub of the defense response. Our findings improve the understanding of the molecular mechanism of wheat HTSP resistance, which may be an important strategy for controlling stripe rust in the face of global warming.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
TaRIPK was identified as a wheat homolog of RIPK.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Gene
- TaRIPKe0
- Outcome
- homologous gene of RIPKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified a homologous gene of RIPK in wheat, namely TaRIPK”
Claim · model-written summary
Pst inoculation induced TaRIPK expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pst inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Gene
- TaRIPKe0
- Outcome
- Expression of TaRIPKe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of TaRIPK was induced by Pst inoculation and high temperatures”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperatures induced TaRIPK expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high temperaturese0
- Gene
- TaRIPKe0
- Outcome
- Expression of TaRIPKe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of TaRIPK was induced by Pst inoculation and high temperatures”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing TaRIPK reduced TaRPM1 expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing of TaRIPKe0
- Gene
- TaRPM1e0
- Outcome
- expression level of TaRPM1e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of TaRIPK reduced the expression level of TaRPM1”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing TaRIPK weakened high-temperature seedling-plant resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing of TaRIPKe0
- Outcome
- HTSP resistancee0
- Direction
- weakere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of TaRIPK reduced the expression level of TaRPM1, resulting in weaker HTSP resistance”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaRIPK interacts with TaPLCP1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaRIPKe0
- Outcome
- interacts with and phosphorylates papain-like cysteine protease 1 (TaPLCP1)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaRIPK interacts with and phosphorylates papain-like cysteine protease 1 (TaPLCP1)”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaRIPK phosphorylates TaPLCP1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaPLCP1e0
- Outcome
- phosphorylates papain-like cysteine protease 1 (TaPLCP1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaRIPK interacts with and phosphorylates papain-like cysteine protease 1 (TaPLCP1)”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Pst protein PSTG_01766 targets TaPLCP1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Gene
- TaPLCP1e0
- Outcome
- targets TaPLCP1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Pst-secreted protein PSTG_01766 targets TaPLCP1”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient PSTG_01766 expression inhibited basal immunity in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- Transient expression of PSTG_01766e0
- Gene
- PSTG_01766e0
- Outcome
- basal immunitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of PSTG_01766 inhibited basal immunity in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient PSTG_01766 expression inhibited basal immunity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of PSTG_01766e0
- Gene
- PSTG_01766e0
- Outcome
- basal immunitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of PSTG_01766 inhibited basal immunity in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PSTG_01766 acts as an effector involved in wheat HTSP resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- PSTG_01766e0
- Outcome
- effector involved in HTSP resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The role of PSTG_01766 as an effector involved in HTSP resistance was further supported by host-induced gene silencing and bacterial type three secretion system-mediated delivery into wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PSTG_01766 inhibited TaRIPK-induced TaPLCP1 phosphorylation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PSTG_01766e0
- Gene
- TaPLCP1e0
- Outcome
- TaRIPK-induced phosphorylation of TaPLCP1e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSTG_01766 inhibited the TaRIPK-induced phosphorylation of TaPLCP1”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PSTG_01766 may influence TaPLCP1 subcellular localization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaPLCP1e0
- Outcome
- subcellular localization of TaPLCP1e0
- Qualifier
- has the potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSTG_01766 has the potential to influence the subcellular localization of TaPLCP1”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest a TaRIPK-TaPLCP1-TaRPM1 guard module participates in HTSP resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaRIPK-TaPLCP1-TaRPM1e0
- Outcome
- HTSP resistancee0
- Qualifier
- guard model for disease resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we suggest that the TaRIPK-TaPLCP1-TaRPM1 module fits the guard model for disease resistance, participating in HTSP resistance”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PSTG_01766 decreases HTSP resistance by targeting TaPLCP1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaPLCP1e0
- Outcome
- HTSP resistancee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- via targeting TaPLCP1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSTG_01766 decreases HTSP resistance via targeting TaPLCP1”
t0“A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effector inhibits high‐temperature seedling‐plant resistance in wheat”
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