Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the research plot of the Department of Agricultural Entomology at the Central Research Farm, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the Rabi season of 2021-22. The treatments selected for this experiment were Emamectin benzoate 5%SG @0.4g/L (T1), Spinosad 45%SC @0.5ml/L (T2), Profenophos 50%EC @2ml/L (T3), Indoxacarb 14.5%SC @1ml/L (T4), Neem seed kernel extract 5% @5ml/L (T5), Karanja oil 0.2% @2ml/L (T6), Bacillus thuringiensis (1×109 CFU) @2ml/L (T7) and Control (T0). The treatments were sprayed 2 times on the pod borers having crossed their ETL levels at an interval of 15 days. Observations i.e. the larval counts (5 random plants/plot) were taken in an order of the day before spray, 3rd,7th, and 14th days after spray. The results revealed that the treatments (insecticides and biopesticides) were successful in bringing down the pest infestation and superior over control. Among all the treatments applied, the lowest infestation of gram pod borer was observed in Spinosad 45%SC followed by Emamectin benzoate 5%SG, Indoxacarb 14.5%SC significantly superior over untreated control. Spinosad 45% SC gave a maximum grain yield of 22.50 q/ha against the control yielding only up to 6.66 q/ha. At the same time, the benefit-cost ratios of the treatments stand like the best and most economical treatment Spinosad (1:3.75) followed by Emamectin benzoate (1:3.71), Indoxacarb (1:2.94), Profenophos (1:2.53), NSKE (1:2.19), Karanja oil (1:1.53), Bacillus thuringiensis (1:0.87) and control (1:0:67).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide and biopesticide treatments reduced pest infestation relative to control.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- insecticides and biopesticidese0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerat0pest - Outcome
- pest infestatione0
- Direction
- bringing downe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the treatments (insecticides and biopesticides) were successful in bringing down the pest infestation and superior over control.”
t0“Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on Chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad 45%SC gave the lowest pod borer infestation and was significantly superior to untreated control.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Spinosad 45%SCe0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Outcome
- infestation of gram pod borere0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all the treatments applied, the lowest infestation of gram pod borer was observed in Spinosad 45%SC followed by Emamectin benzoate 5%SG, Indoxacarb 14.5%SC significantly superior over untreated control.”
t0“Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on Chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate followed Spinosad in infestation suppression and was significantly superior to untreated control.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoate 5%SGe0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Outcome
- infestation of gram pod borere0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all the treatments applied, the lowest infestation of gram pod borer was observed in Spinosad 45%SC followed by Emamectin benzoate 5%SG, Indoxacarb 14.5%SC significantly superior over untreated control.”
t0“Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on Chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb followed Emamectin in infestation suppression and was significantly superior to untreated control.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Indoxacarb 14.5%SCe0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Outcome
- infestation of gram pod borere0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all the treatments applied, the lowest infestation of gram pod borer was observed in Spinosad 45%SC followed by Emamectin benzoate 5%SG, Indoxacarb 14.5%SC significantly superior over untreated control.”
t0“Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on Chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad produced maximum grain yield of 22.50 q/ha compared with control at 6.66 q/ha.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Spinosad 45% SCe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 22.50 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 6.66 q/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spinosad 45% SC gave a maximum grain yield of 22.50 q/ha against the control yielding only up to 6.66 q/ha.”
t0“Chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad was the best and most economical treatment, with benefit-cost ratio 1:3.75.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“At the same time, the benefit-cost ratios of the treatments stand like the best and most economical treatment Spinosad (1:3.75)”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate had benefit-cost ratio 1:3.71.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“benefit-cost ratios of the treatments stand like the best and most economical treatment Spinosad (1:3.75) followed by Emamectin benzoate (1:3.71)”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb had benefit-cost ratio 1:2.94.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“benefit-cost ratios of the treatments stand like the best and most economical treatment Spinosad (1:3.75) followed by Emamectin benzoate (1:3.71), Indoxacarb (1:2.94)”
Claim · model-written summary
Profenophos had benefit-cost ratio 1:2.53.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“benefit-cost ratios”
e1“Profenophos (1:2.53)”
Claim · model-written summary
NSKE had benefit-cost ratio 1:2.19.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“benefit-cost ratios”
e1“NSKE (1:2.19)”
Claim · model-written summary
Karanja oil had benefit-cost ratio 1:1.53.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“benefit-cost ratios”
e1“Karanja oil (1:1.53)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus thuringiensis treatment had benefit-cost ratio 1:0.87.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“benefit-cost ratios”
e1“Bacillus thuringiensis (1:0.87)”
Claim · model-written summary
Control had benefit-cost ratio 1:0:67.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“benefit-cost ratios”
e1“control (1:0:67)”
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