Abstract
Deep placement of coated urea, lime nitrogen (Lime N), or urea with a nitrification inhibitor, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP-U) did not inhibit N fixation activity, and it promoted soybean growth and seed yield. However, the effect of deep placement on the N budget including N leaching has not been evaluated. In this research, soybean plants were cultivated with a basal deep placement of urea, Lime N, or DMPP-U, and the control without deep placement of N fertilizer in lysimeters filled with Andosols. The nitrate was the principal N leachate and most of them leached until the flowering stage. The total amount of leached nitrate was the highest in urea deep placement, and it was reduced by the deep placement of Lime N or DMPP-U. In 2020, the total amount of nitrate in the leachate during the cultivation was 0.95, 1.83, and 2.78 g N m−2 in control, Lime N, and urea, respectively. The seed yield was higher in Lime N (424 g m−2) and urea (399 g m−2) than in the control (267 g m−2). The total amount of N accumulated in the shoots was higher in Lime N (32.1 g N m−2) than in the control (26.5 g N m−2) and urea (24.2 g N m−2) treatments. These results indicated that soybean plants with Lime N might assimilate more N both from N fertilizer and N2 fixation compared with control plants. Soil incubation test confirmed that the Lime N or DMPP-U retarded nitrification than urea.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement of Lime N or DMPP-U reduced the total amount of leached nitrate compared with urea deep placement in soybean grown in lysimeters.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- deep placement of Lime Ne1
- Outcome
- total amount of leached nitratee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- urea deep placemente1
- Setting
- lysimeters filled with Andosolse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it promoted soybean growth and seed yield”
e1“The total amount of leached nitrate was the highest in urea deep placement, and it was reduced by the deep placement of Lime N or DMPP-U”
e2“in lysimeters filled with Andosols”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea deep placement gave the highest total amount of leached nitrate in soybean grown in lysimeters.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- urea deep placemente1
- Outcome
- total amount of leached nitratee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- deep placement of Lime N or DMPP-Ue1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it promoted soybean growth and seed yield”
e1“The total amount of leached nitrate was the highest in urea deep placement, and it was reduced by the deep placement of Lime N or DMPP-U”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2020 the total amount of nitrate in the leachate during cultivation was 0.95, 1.83 and 2.78 g N m-2 in control, Lime N and urea plots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- total amount of nitrate in the leachatee1
- Value
- 0.95, 1.83, and 2.78e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it promoted soybean growth and seed yield”
e1“In 2020, the total amount of nitrate in the leachate during the cultivation was 0.95, 1.83, and 2.78”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield was higher with Lime N (424) than with the control (267) in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Lime Ne1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 424e1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it promoted soybean growth and seed yield”
e1“The seed yield was higher in Lime N (424”
e2“than in the control (267”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield was higher with urea deep placement (399) than with the control (267) in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ureae2
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 399e2
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it promoted soybean growth and seed yield”
e1“The seed yield was higher in Lime N (424”
e2“and urea (399”
e3“than in the control (267”
Claim · model-written summary
Total N accumulated in the shoots was higher with Lime N (32.1) than with the control (26.5) in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Lime Ne1
- Outcome
- total amount of N accumulated in the shootse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 32.1e1
- Qualifier
- urea (24.2e3
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it promoted soybean growth and seed yield”
e1“The total amount of N accumulated in the shoots was higher in Lime N (32.1”
e2“than in the control (26.5”
e3“and urea (24.2”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean plants with Lime N might assimilate more N from fertilizer and from N2 fixation than control plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Lime Ne1
- Outcome
- assimilate more Ne1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These results indicated that soybean plants with Lime N might assimilate more N both from N fertilizer and N2 fixation compared with control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In a soil incubation test, Lime N or DMPP-U retarded nitrification compared with urea.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Lime N or DMPP-Ue1
- Outcome
- nitrificatione1
- Direction
- retardede1
- Comparator
- ureae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it promoted soybean growth and seed yield”
e1“Soil incubation test confirmed that the Lime N or DMPP-U retarded nitrification than urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement of coated urea did not inhibit N fixation activity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Deep placement of coated ureae1
- Outcome
- N fixation activitye1
- Direction
- did not inhibite1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Deep placement of coated urea, lime nitrogen (Lime N), or urea with a nitrification inhibitor, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP-U) did not inhibit N fixation activity, and it promoted soybean growth and seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement of coated urea promoted soybean growth and seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Deep placement of coated ureae1
- Outcome
- soybean growth and seed yielde1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Deep placement of coated urea, lime nitrogen (Lime N), or urea with a nitrification inhibitor, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP-U) did not inhibit N fixation activity, and it promoted soybean growth and seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate was the principal N leachate, and most of it leached until the flowering stage in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- principal N leachatee1
- Qualifier
- until the flowering stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it promoted soybean growth and seed yield”
e1“The nitrate was the principal N leachate and most of them leached until the flowering stage”
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