Abstract
Abstract Osmotic stress frequently caused by drought is the most threatening environmental stress that remarkably reduces crop yield. Oat ( Avena sativa L.) is sensitive to water deficiency during growth. Plant metallothioneins (pMTs) show tremendous promise in enhancing general stress tolerance in plants. This study aimed to verify whether pMTs and elements of the antioxidant defence system protect oat against osmotic stress. Coding and genomic regions of A. sativa L. MT s belonging to three different types were cloned. To evaluate the role of MTs in osmotic stress, the expression of genes encoding AsMT1‐3 was checked by qRT‐PCR in the roots and shoots of oat plants growing in a hydroponic culture in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and mannitol. The expression of AsMT1‐3 changed in response to osmotic stress; however, the changes depended on the type of MT and the treatment. The amount of AsMT3 transcript was about five‐fold and nine‐fold higher in shoots and roots, respectively, in the presence of mannitol. To further analyse the response of oat to osmotic stress, the level of phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, abscisic acid, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were tested using spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. During osmotic stress, the content of phenols, soluble sugars, abscisic acid, and the activity of catalase and peroxidase in shoots increased. In roots treated with PEG 6000, the amount of phenolic compounds was higher than that in roots treated with mannitol. The activity of superoxide dismutase was about 5‐fold higher in roots than in shoots. MTs are involved in plant response to osmotic stress. In the future, insight provided in this study will lead to application in agriculture either by using MTs as molecular markers for stress‐resistant crop cultivars or by a generation of genetically modified crops overexpressing MT s.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Coding and genomic regions of three Avena sativa metallothionein types were cloned.
- Taxon
- A. sativa L.
Avena sativae0 - Gene
- MT se0
- Outcome
- Coding and genomic regionse0
- Value
- three different typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coding and genomic regions of A. sativa L. MT s belonging to three different types were cloned”
Claim · model-written summary
AsMT1–3 expression changed under osmotic stress, depending on gene type and treatment.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Gene
- AsMT1‐3e0
- Outcome
- expression of AsMT1‐3e0
- Direction
- changede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of AsMT1‐3 changed in response to osmotic stress; however, the changes depended on the type of MT and the treatment”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol raised AsMT3 transcript about fivefold in shoots.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- mannitole0
- Gene
- AsMT3e0
- Outcome
- amount of AsMT3 transcripte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- five‐folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of AsMT3 transcript was about five‐fold and nine‐fold higher in shoots and roots, respectively, in the presence of mannitol”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol raised AsMT3 transcript about ninefold in roots.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- mannitole0
- Gene
- AsMT3e0
- Outcome
- amount of AsMT3 transcripte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- nine‐folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of AsMT3 transcript was about five‐fold and nine‐fold higher in shoots and roots, respectively, in the presence of mannitol”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress increased shoot phenols, soluble sugars and abscisic acid.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- content of phenols, soluble sugars, abscisic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During osmotic stress, the content of phenols, soluble sugars, abscisic acid, and the activity of catalase and peroxidase in shoots increased”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress increased shoot catalase and peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Gene
- catalase and peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- activity of catalase and peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During osmotic stress, the content of phenols, soluble sugars, abscisic acid, and the activity of catalase and peroxidase in shoots increased”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG 6000 yielded more root phenolic compounds than mannitol.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- PEG 6000e0
- Outcome
- amount of phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- mannitole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In roots treated with PEG 6000, the amount of phenolic compounds was higher than that in roots treated with mannitol”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity was about fivefold higher in roots than shoots.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5‐folde0
- Comparator
- shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of superoxide dismutase was about 5‐fold higher in roots than in shoots”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metallothioneins are involved in plant osmotic stress response.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Gene
- MTse0
- Outcome
- plant response to osmotic stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MTs are involved in plant response to osmotic stress”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Avena sativa (oats)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
drought · physiology: osmolytes · Avena sativa (oats)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.