Abstract
Introduction Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L. ) is a highly nutritious leguminous forage that plays an essential role in animal husbandry. In the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, there are problems with its low rates of overwintering and production. The application of phosphate (P) is an important measure to improve the cold resistance and production of alfalfa, but little is known about the mechanism of P in improving the cold resistance of alfalfa. Methods This study integrated the transcriptome and metabolome to explain the mechanism of alfalfa in response to low-temperature stress under two applications of P (50 and 200 mg kg -1 ) and a control of none applied. Results The application of P fertilizer improved the root structure and increased the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the root crown. In addition, there were 49 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 23 upregulated and 24 metabolites with 12 upregulated when 50 mg kg -1 of P was applied. In contrast, there were 224 DEGs with 173 upregulated and 12 metabolites with 6 upregulated in the plants treated with 200 mg kg -1 of P compared with the Control Check (CK). These genes and metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites and the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and amino acids. The integration of the transcriptome and metabolome indicated that P affected the biosynthesis of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, L-serine, lactose, and isocitrate during the period of increasing cold. It could also affect the expression of related genes that regulate cold tolerance in alfalfa. Discussion Our findings could contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanism that alfalfa uses to tolerate cold and lay a theoretical foundation for breeding alfalfa that is highly efficient at utilizing phosphorus.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer improved root structure.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- root structuree0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of P fertilizer improved the root structure”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer increased soluble sugar and soluble protein in root crowns.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- root crowne0
- Treatment
- P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- content of soluble sugar and soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of P fertilizer improved the root structure and increased the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the root crown”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 mg kg -1 P, 49 genes were differentially expressed, including 23 upregulated genes.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 50 mg kg -1 of Pe0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 49e0
- Qualifier
- 23 upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were 49 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 23 upregulated and 24 metabolites with 12 upregulated when 50 mg kg -1 of P was applied”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 mg kg -1 P, 24 metabolites differed, including 12 upregulated.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 50 mg kg -1 of Pe0
- Outcome
- metabolitese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 24e0
- Qualifier
- 12 upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were 49 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 23 upregulated and 24 metabolites with 12 upregulated when 50 mg kg -1 of P was applied”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 mg kg -1 P, 224 genes differed, including 173 upregulated.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 mg kg -1 of Pe0
- Outcome
- DEGse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 224e0
- Qualifier
- 173 upregulatede0
- Comparator
- Control Check (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were 224 DEGs with 173 upregulated and 12 metabolites with 6 upregulated in the plants treated with 200 mg kg -1 of P compared with the Control Check (CK)”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 mg kg -1 P, 12 metabolites differed, including six upregulated.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 mg kg -1 of Pe0
- Outcome
- metabolitese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 12e0
- Qualifier
- 6 upregulatede0
- Comparator
- Control Check (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were 224 DEGs with 173 upregulated and 12 metabolites with 6 upregulated in the plants treated with 200 mg kg -1 of P compared with the Control Check (CK)”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected genes and metabolites were enriched in secondary metabolite, carbohydrate and amino acid pathways.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites and the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and amino acidse0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These genes and metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites and the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and amino acids”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
P affected biosynthesis of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine and L-serine during increasing cold.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, L-serinee0
- Qualifier
- period of increasing colde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P affected the biosynthesis of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, L-serine, lactose, and isocitrate during the period of increasing cold”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
P affected biosynthesis of lactose and isocitrate during increasing cold.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- lactose, and isocitratee0
- Qualifier
- period of increasing colde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P affected the biosynthesis of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, L-serine, lactose, and isocitrate during the period of increasing cold”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
P may affect expression of genes regulating alfalfa cold tolerance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- expression of related genes that regulate cold tolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It could also affect the expression of related genes that regulate cold tolerance in alfalfa”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.