Abstract
Abstract Background Gray mold is the most prevalent postharvest disease of apple fruits in Egypt. In this study, five isolates of Botrytis cinerea were isolated from apple fruits that had postharvest decay symptoms. Investigations were made into the pathogenicity tests of these isolates as well as the molecular identification of the most virulent isolate. A study was done in vitro to see how B. cinerea 's mycelial growth and conidial germination would be affected by hot water treatments (HWT) at temperatures of 25, 50, 52, 54, or 56 °C for 10, 20, 30, or 40 s as well as silicate salts (SS), specifically potassium silicate and sodium silicate at 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0%. The effectiveness of hot water treatment and silicate salts dipping (SSD), both separately and together, for preventing B. cinerea infection and preserving the natural qualities of apple fruits was investigated in vivo. Results Pathogenicity tests on apples (Anna cv.) revealed that B. cinerea isolate (Bc-1) was found to be the most virulent. This isolate was identified as belonging to the fungus B. cinerea through molecular testing using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, and it has since been added to Gene Bank with the accession number ON1498639.1. The lethal temperature for B. cinerea mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro was 54 °C/30 s and 54 °C/10 s, respectively. At a 6.0%, the SS, specifically potassium silicate and sodium silicate, completely prevented pathogen growth. When applied separately, HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) significantly reduced B. cinerea decay of apple fruits stored at 20 ± 2 °C for 15 days. In terms of control efficacy, the HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) combination performed better. Conclusions When apple fruits are stored at 20 ± 2 °C for 15 days, the combination of HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) may be an efficient way to control the gray mold disease. The amount of total soluble solids (TSS) in apple fruits was unaffected by these treatments, but they significantly lessened fruit weight loss after 40 days of storage at 20 ± 2 °C.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate Bc-1 of B. cinerea was the most virulent in pathogenicity tests on Anna apples.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Anna cv.e0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea isolate (Bc-1)
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- most virulente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity tests on apples (Anna cv.) revealed that B. cinerea isolate (Bc-1) was found to be the most virulent”
Claim · model-written summary
The most virulent isolate was identified as B. cinerea by ITS sequencing and phylogenetic analyses.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- identified as belonging to the fungus B. cinereae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple gray mold”
e0“This isolate was identified as belonging to the fungus B. cinerea through molecular testing using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and phylogenetic analyses”
Claim · model-written summary
The lethal temperature for B. cinerea mycelial growth in vitro was 54 °C for 30 s.
- Taxon
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0
- Outcome
- lethal temperature for B. cinerea mycelial growthe0
- Value
- 54 °C/30 se0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lethal temperature for B. cinerea mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro was 54 °C/30 s and 54 °C/10 s, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The lethal temperature for B. cinerea spore germination in vitro was 54 °C for 10 s.
- Taxon
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0
- Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Value
- 54 °C/10 se0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lethal temperature for B. cinerea mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro was 54 °C/30 s and 54 °C/10 s, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium silicate and sodium silicate at 6.0% completely prevented B. cinerea growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat1
- Treatment
- potassium silicate and sodium silicatee0
- Outcome
- pathogen growthe0
- Direction
- completely preventede0
- Value
- 6.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Botrytis cinerea”
e0“At a 6.0%, the SS, specifically potassium silicate and sodium silicate, completely prevented pathogen growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water treatment (60 °C/30 s) applied alone significantly reduced B. cinerea decay of apple fruits.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- HWT (60 °C/30 s)e0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- B. cinerea decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied separately, HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) significantly reduced B. cinerea decay of apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate salts dipping (6.0%/1 min) applied alone significantly reduced B. cinerea decay of apple fruits.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- SSD (6.0%/1 min)e0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- B. cinerea decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied separately, HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) significantly reduced B. cinerea decay of apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of hot water treatment and silicate salts dipping gave better control efficacy than the treatments applied separately.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) combinatione0
- Outcome
- control efficacye0
- Direction
- performed bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple gray mold”
e0“In terms of control efficacy, the HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) combination performed better”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soluble solids of apple fruits were unaffected by the hot water and silicate dipping treatments.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS)e0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of total soluble solids (TSS) in apple fruits was unaffected by these treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments significantly lessened apple fruit weight loss after 40 days of storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- fruit weight losse0
- Direction
- lessenede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple gray mold”
e0“they significantly lessened fruit weight loss after 40 days of storage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the combination of hot water treatment (60 °C/30 s) and silicate salts dipping (6.0%/1 min) as a potentially efficient way to control gray mold.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- control the gray mold diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple gray mold”
e0“the combination of HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) may be an efficient way to control the gray mold disease”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.