Abstract
The experiment was conducted to reduce the buildup of heavy metals in lettuce plants grown in contaminated soil. Lettuce plants cv. Nader were cultivated on polluted soil in black polyethylene bags with or without the addition of biochar, rice straw, Pseudomonas fluorescens, biochar + rice straw, biochar + P. fluorescens, rice straw + P. fluorescens, and biochar + rice straw + P. fluorescens, and unpolluted soil as a control. The experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 seasons at the Vegetable Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shubra El Kheima, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results indicated that cultivating lettuce in polluted soil had negative effects on plant growth compared to the unpolluted soil. Application of the treatments improved the vegetative growth parameters. The results also showed that lettuce plants grown in heavy metal-polluted soil had lower values of vegetative growth parameters than those grown in polluted soil treated with biochar, rice straw, or P. fluorescens, and the interaction between them. When compared to bacterial inoculation treatment, the application of biochar and/or rice straw on lettuce plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soil enhanced growth and leaf nutrient contents, while heavy metal contents decreased. The findings demonstrated that heavy metal-contaminated soil treated with biochar alone or in combination with rice straw and/or bacterial inoculation were effective in reducing the content of heavy metals in plant leaves and attenuating the harmful effects of heavy metals on grown lettuce plants.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Polluted soil reduced lettuce growth relative to unpolluted soil.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- polluted soile0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
- Comparator
- unpolluted soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivating lettuce in polluted soil had negative effects on plant growth compared to the unpolluted soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar, rice straw and P. fluorescens treatments improved lettuce vegetative growth in polluted soil.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- biochar, rice straw, or P. fluorescense0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth parameterse0
- Direction
- lower valuese0
- Comparator
- heavy metal-polluted soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce plants grown in heavy metal-polluted soil had lower values of vegetative growth parameters than those grown in polluted soil treated with biochar, rice straw, or P. fluorescens, and the interaction between them”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and/or rice straw enhanced lettuce growth compared with bacterial inoculation.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- biochar and/or rice strawe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- bacterial inoculation treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to bacterial inoculation treatment, the application of biochar and/or rice straw on lettuce plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soil enhanced growth and leaf nutrient contents, while heavy metal contents decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and/or rice straw enhanced lettuce leaf nutrient contents compared with bacterial inoculation.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- biochar and/or rice strawe0
- Outcome
- leaf nutrient contentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- bacterial inoculation treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to bacterial inoculation treatment, the application of biochar and/or rice straw on lettuce plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soil enhanced growth and leaf nutrient contents, while heavy metal contents decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and/or rice straw decreased lettuce heavy metal contents compared with bacterial inoculation.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- biochar and/or rice strawe0
- Outcome
- heavy metal contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- bacterial inoculation treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to bacterial inoculation treatment, the application of biochar and/or rice straw on lettuce plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soil enhanced growth and leaf nutrient contents, while heavy metal contents decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar alone or with rice straw and/or bacterial inoculation reduced heavy metals in lettuce leaves.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar alone or in combination with rice straw and/or bacterial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- content of heavy metals in plant leavese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heavy metal-contaminated soil treated with biochar alone or in combination with rice straw and/or bacterial inoculation were effective in reducing the content of heavy metals in plant leaves”
t0“Minimizing Heavy Metal Accumulation in Edible Parts of Lettuce Plant”
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See all 20 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.