Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19. Biochar application to soil had significant influence on soil bulk density, porosity and maximum water holding capacity, non-significant influence on final infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Significantly low bulk densities (1.40 mg/m3 and 1.39 mg/m3) and high total porosities (47.17% and 47.55%) of soil at sowing stage were recorded in treatments which received biochar @ 6 t //ha (T5 & T8) and these treatments were on par with treatments which received biochar @ 4 t /ha(T4 and T7) and @ 2 t //ha (T3 and T6). However, T5 and T8 were significantly lower in bulk densities and higher in total porosities when compared to T1 (control) and T2 (100% RDF). Highest bulk density of 1.58 Mg /m3 and lowest total porosity ofsoil (40.38%) was noticed in T1 (control). Soil penetration resistance and soil temperature followed the trend of bulk density. In general, soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance and soil temperature increased fromsowing to harvesting stage of groundnut crop, but the percent pore space decreased. Biochar addition to soil impacted the maximum water holding capacity (MWHC) by recording increased water retention with increased rate of biochar addition from control to 2 t /ha up to 6 t /ha. Biochar addition @ 6 t /ha (T5 & T8) significantly increased MWHC of soil when compared to control (T1) and 100% RDF (T2). A slight but non-significant decrease in final infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity was noticed by biochar addition. Groundnut crop growth in the form of leaf area index at pod development stage was highest (3.16) in T5 (biochar 6 t /ha + 100% RDF) which was on par with T4 (biochar 4 t/ha + 100% RDF) and both T5 & T4 were significantly higher than T6, T7, T8, T2 and T1. In general, the dry matter accumulation increased from peg penetration to harvest. Highest dry matter accumulation of 2950.90 kg /ha and 6427.54 kg /ha, respectively at peg penetration and pod development stage was observed in T5 (100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t /ha) which was on par with T4 (100% RDF + biochar @ 4 t /ha), T3 (100% RDF + biochar @ 2 t /ha), T8 (75% RDF + biochar @ 6 t /ha) treatments. Groundnut pod yield was highest (4020 kg /ha) in T5 treatment (100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t /ha), which was on par with T4 (100% RDF + biochar @ 4 t /ha) and T8 (75% RDF + biochar @ 6 t /ha). From these observations, it could be concluded that application of biochar at either @ 4 t/ha + 100 % RDF or @ 6 t /ha + 75% RDF, resulted in better soil physical environment and also increased availability of nutrients which resulted in higher plant growth, dry matter production and pod yield in groundnut.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 6 t/ha (T5 and T8) significantly lowered soil bulk density at sowing compared with control and 100% RDF.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Treatment
- biochar @ 6 t //ha (T5 & T8)e2
- Outcome
- bulk densitiese3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 1.40 mg/m3 and 1.39 mg/m3e2
- Comparator
- T1 (control) and T2 (100% RDF)e3
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e2“Significantly low bulk densities (1.40 mg/m3 and 1.39 mg/m3) and high total porosities (47.17% and 47.55%) of soil at sowing stage were recorded in treatments which received biochar @ 6 t //ha (T5 & T8)”
e3“T5 and T8 were significantly lower in bulk densities and higher in total porosities when compared to T1 (control) and T2 (100% RDF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 6 t/ha (T5 and T8) significantly raised total soil porosity at sowing compared with control and 100% RDF.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- biochar @ 6 t //ha (T5 & T8)e2
- Outcome
- total porositiese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 47.17% and 47.55%e2
- Comparator
- T1 (control) and T2 (100% RDF)e3
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e2“Significantly low bulk densities (1.40 mg/m3 and 1.39 mg/m3) and high total porosities (47.17% and 47.55%) of soil at sowing stage were recorded in treatments which received biochar @ 6 t //ha (T5 & T8)”
e3“T5 and T8 were significantly lower in bulk densities and higher in total porosities when compared to T1 (control) and T2 (100% RDF)”
Claim · model-written summary
The control (T1) had the highest soil bulk density, 1.58 Mg/m3, at the sowing stage.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- bulk densitye4
- Value
- 1.58 Mg /m3e4
- Qualifier
- T1 (control)e4
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e4“Highest bulk density of 1.58 Mg /m3 and lowest total porosity ofsoil (40.38%) was noticed in T1 (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
The control (T1) had the lowest total soil porosity, 40.38%.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- total porositye4
- Value
- 40.38%e4
- Qualifier
- T1 (control)e4
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e4“Highest bulk density of 1.58 Mg /m3 and lowest total porosity ofsoil (40.38%) was noticed in T1 (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 6 t/ha (T5 and T8) significantly increased soil maximum water holding capacity compared with control and 100% RDF.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Biochar addition @ 6 t /ha (T5 & T8)e5
- Outcome
- MWHCe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- control (T1) and 100% RDF (T2)e5
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e5“Biochar addition @ 6 t /ha (T5 & T8) significantly increased MWHC of soil when compared to control (T1) and 100% RDF (T2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the biochar rate from control up to 6 t/ha increased soil water retention (MWHC).
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- increased rate of biochar additione6
- Outcome
- water retentione6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- controle6
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e6“Biochar addition to soil impacted the maximum water holding capacity (MWHC) by recording increased water retention with increased rate of biochar addition from control to 2 t /ha up to 6 t /ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar addition gave a slight, non-significant decrease in final infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- biochar additione7
- Outcome
- final infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivitye7
- Direction
- decreasee7
- Qualifier
- slight but non-significante7
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e7“A slight but non-significant decrease in final infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity was noticed by biochar addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance and soil temperature increased in groundnut fields from sowing to harvesting.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance and soil temperaturee6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- harvesting stage of groundnut crope6
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e6“In general, soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance and soil temperature increased fromsowing to harvesting stage of groundnut crop, but the percent pore space decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Percent pore space of the soil decreased from sowing to harvesting of groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- percent pore spacee6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- harvesting stage of groundnut crope6
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e6“In general, soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance and soil temperature increased fromsowing to harvesting stage of groundnut crop, but the percent pore space decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 6 t/ha + 100% RDF gave the highest leaf area index (3.16) at pod development, significantly above T6, T7, T8, T2 and T1.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- pod development stagee7
- Treatment
- biochar 6 t /ha + 100% RDFe7
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 3.16e7
- Comparator
- T6, T7, T8, T2 and T1e6
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e7“Groundnut crop growth in the form of leaf area index at pod development stage was highest (3.16) in T5 (biochar 6 t /ha + 100% RDF)”
e6“both T5 & T4 were significantly higher than T6, T7, T8, T2 and T1”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 6 t/ha + 100% RDF gave the highest dry matter accumulation at peg penetration (2950.90 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- peg penetratione2
- Treatment
- 100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t /hae2
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione2
- Direction
- Higheste2
- Value
- 2950.90 kg /hae2
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e2“Highest dry matter accumulation of 2950.90 kg /ha and 6427.54 kg /ha, respectively at peg penetration and pod development stage was observed in T5 (100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t /ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 6 t/ha + 100% RDF gave the highest dry matter accumulation at pod development (6427.54 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- pod development stagee2
- Treatment
- 100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t /hae2
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione2
- Direction
- Higheste2
- Value
- 6427.54 kg /hae2
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e2“Highest dry matter accumulation of 2950.90 kg /ha and 6427.54 kg /ha, respectively at peg penetration and pod development stage was observed in T5 (100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t /ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 6 t/ha + 100% RDF gave the highest groundnut pod yield, 4020 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t /hae2
- Outcome
- pod yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 4020 kg /hae2
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e2“Groundnut pod yield was highest (4020 kg /ha) in T5 treatment (100% RDF + biochar @ 6 t /ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 4 t/ha + 100% RDF or 6 t/ha + 75% RDF increased nutrient availability in the soil.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- application of biochar at either @ 4 t/ha + 100 % RDF or @ 6 t /ha + 75% RDFe2
- Outcome
- availability of nutrientse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e2“application of biochar at either @ 4 t/ha + 100 % RDF or @ 6 t /ha + 75% RDF, resulted in better soil physical environment and also increased availability of nutrients which resulted in higher plant growth, dry matter production and pod yield in groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 4 t/ha + 100% RDF or 6 t/ha + 75% RDF gave a better soil physical environment.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- application of biochar at either @ 4 t/ha + 100 % RDF or @ 6 t /ha + 75% RDFe2
- Outcome
- soil physical environmente2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Setting
- North Coastal Andhra Pradeshe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamsoils of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of biochar on soil physical and hydrological properties, and on growth and yield of rabi groundnut (variety K-6) during 2018-19”
e2“application of biochar at either @ 4 t/ha + 100 % RDF or @ 6 t /ha + 75% RDF, resulted in better soil physical environment and also increased availability of nutrients which resulted in higher plant growth, dry matter production and pod yield in groundnut”
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