Abstract
An experiment was conducted at Kanpur, during rabi 2014-15 and 2015-16 to find out the response of row spacing, bio-fertilizer, and nitrogen levels on yield and yield attributes of chickpeas. The treatments comprised of row spacing i.e. 40 cm and 60 cm, biofertilizer i.e. Rhizobium leguminosarum culture (seed coating @ 20 g kg-1 seed), Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @ 2.5 kg ha-1 in soil and Rhizobium leguminosarum + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen level i.e. 10, 20 and N30 kg ha-1 in Split plot design with 3 replications. The results showed that 60 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield attributes in both years on pooled basis-number of pods plant-1 (57.57), a number of seeds pod-1 (1.72), 1000-seed weight (147.64 g), nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (28.08), fresh & dry weight nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (76.58 and 44.37 mg) and protein content (21.06%). Among the bio-fertilizers, the performance of dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum culture + PSB was recorded as significantly superior with regard to the number of pods plant-1 (57.61), number of seeds pod-1 (1.89), 1000- seed weight (148.75) nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (29.70), fresh & dry weight nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (81.34 and 48.12 mg) and protein content (21.26%). Nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher No. of pod plant-1 (147.64 g), number of seeds pod-1 (1.97), 1000- seed weight (149.47g), nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (30.54), fresh & dry weight nodules/plant at 50 DAS (81.34 and 48.12 mg) and protein content (21.15%). The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield in both years on the pool basis seed yield recorded (14.22 q ha-1), stover yield (20.20 q ha-1), harvest index (41.16%), gross return Rs. 75593 ha-1, net return Rs. 56972 ha-1 and B.C. ratio 1:3.07. Among the biofertilizers, the performance of dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum + PSB was recorded as significantly superior with seed yield (14.33 q ha-1), stover yield (19.15 q ha-1), harvest index (42.48%), gross return Rs. 76047 ha-1, net return Rs. 58225 ha-1 and B:C ratio 1:3.27. However, nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher on seed yield (14.83 q ha-1), stover yield (19.97 q ha-1), harvest index (42.83%), gross return Rs. 78728 ha-1, net return Rs. 60994 ha-1 and B:C ratio1:3.44.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 cm row spacing produced significantly higher number of pods per plant in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- 60 cm row spacinge1
- Outcome
- number of pods plant-1e1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Value
- 57.57e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“60 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield attributes in both years on pooled basis-number of pods plant-1 (57.57)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 cm row spacing produced significantly higher 1000-seed weight in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 60 cm row spacinge2
- Outcome
- 1000-seed weighte2
- Direction
- significantly highere2
- Value
- 147.64 ge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e2“60 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield attributes in both years on pooled basis-number of pods plant-1 (57.57), a number of seeds pod-1 (1.72), 1000-seed weight (147.64 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 cm row spacing produced significantly higher nodules per plant at 50 DAS in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 60 cm row spacinge3
- Outcome
- nodules plant-1 at 50 DASe3
- Direction
- significantly highere3
- Value
- 28.08e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e3“60 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield attributes in both years on pooled basis-number of pods plant-1 (57.57), a number of seeds pod-1 (1.72), 1000-seed weight (147.64 g), nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (28.08)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 cm row spacing produced significantly higher protein content in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 60 cm row spacinge4
- Outcome
- protein contente4
- Direction
- significantly highere4
- Value
- 21.06%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e4“60 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield attributes in both years on pooled basis-number of pods plant-1 (57.57), a number of seeds pod-1 (1.72), 1000-seed weight (147.64 g), nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (28.08), fresh & dry weight nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (76.58 and 44.37 mg) and protein content (21.06%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum culture and PSB produced significantly superior number of pods per plant in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum culture + PSBe5
- Interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarum
Rhizobium leguminosarume5symbiont - Outcome
- number of pods plant-1e5
- Direction
- significantly superiore5
- Value
- 57.61e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e5“the performance of dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum culture + PSB was recorded as significantly superior with regard to the number of pods plant-1 (57.61)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum culture and PSB produced significantly superior protein content in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum culture + PSBe6
- Interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarume6symbiont
- Outcome
- protein contente6
- Direction
- significantly superiore6
- Value
- 21.26%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e6“the performance of dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum culture + PSB was recorded as significantly superior with regard to the number of pods plant-1 (57.61), number of seeds pod-1 (1.89), 1000- seed weight (148.75) nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (29.70), fresh & dry weight nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (81.34 and 48.12 mg) and protein content (21.26%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum and PSB produced significantly superior seed yield in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum + PSBe7
- Interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarume7symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yielde7
- Direction
- significantly superiore7
- Value
- 14.33 q ha-1e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e7“the performance of dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum + PSB was recorded as significantly superior with seed yield (14.33 q ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum and PSB produced significantly superior B:C ratio in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum + PSBe0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarume0symbiont
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- significantly superiore0
- Value
- 1:3.27e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“Among the biofertilizers, the performance of dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum + PSB was recorded as significantly superior with seed yield (14.33 q ha-1), stover yield (19.15 q ha-1), harvest index (42.48%), gross return Rs. 76047 ha-1, net return Rs. 58225 ha-1 and B:C ratio 1:3.27”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum and PSB produced significantly superior harvest index in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum + PSBe0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarume0symbiont
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- significantly superiore0
- Value
- 42.48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“Among the biofertilizers, the performance of dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum + PSB was recorded as significantly superior with seed yield (14.33 q ha-1), stover yield (19.15 q ha-1), harvest index (42.48%), gross return Rs. 76047 ha-1, net return Rs. 58225 ha-1 and B:C ratio 1:3.27”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen level of 30 kg ha-1 produced significantly higher seed yield in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Value
- 14.83 q ha-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher on seed yield (14.83 q ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen level of 30 kg ha-1 produced significantly higher harvest index in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1e2
- Outcome
- harvest indexe2
- Direction
- significantly highere2
- Value
- 42.83%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e2“nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher on seed yield (14.83 q ha-1), stover yield (19.97 q ha-1), harvest index (42.83%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen level of 30 kg ha-1 produced significantly higher B:C ratio in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1e3
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe3
- Direction
- significantly highere3
- Value
- 1:3.44e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e3“nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher on seed yield (14.83 q ha-1), stover yield (19.97 q ha-1), harvest index (42.83%), gross return Rs. 78728 ha-1, net return Rs. 60994 ha-1 and B:C ratio1:3.44”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen level of 30 kg ha-1 produced significantly higher protein content in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1e4
- Outcome
- protein contente4
- Direction
- significantly highere4
- Value
- 21.15%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e4“Nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher No. of pod plant-1 (147.64 g), number of seeds pod-1 (1.97), 1000- seed weight (149.47g), nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (30.54), fresh & dry weight nodules/plant at 50 DAS (81.34 and 48.12 mg) and protein content (21.15%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher seed yield in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 40 cm row spacinge5
- Outcome
- seed yielde5
- Direction
- significantly highere5
- Value
- 14.22 q ha-1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e5“The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield in both years on the pool basis seed yield recorded (14.22 q ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher harvest index in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 40 cm row spacinge6
- Outcome
- harvest indexe6
- Direction
- significantly highere6
- Value
- 41.16%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e6“The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield in both years on the pool basis seed yield recorded (14.22 q ha-1), stover yield (20.20 q ha-1), harvest index (41.16%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher B:C ratio in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 40 cm row spacinge7
- Outcome
- B.C. ratioe7
- Direction
- significantly highere7
- Value
- 1:3.07e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e7“The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield in both years on the pool basis seed yield recorded (14.22 q ha-1), stover yield (20.20 q ha-1), harvest index (41.16%), gross return Rs. 75593 ha-1, net return Rs. 56972 ha-1 and B.C. ratio 1:3.07”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher stover yield in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 40 cm row spacinge1
- Outcome
- stover yielde1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Value
- 20.20 q ha-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield in both years on the pool basis seed yield recorded (14.22 q ha-1), stover yield (20.20 q ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum and PSB produced significantly superior nodules per plant at 50 DAS in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum culture + PSBe6
- Interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarume6symbiont
- Outcome
- nodules plant-1 at 50 DASe6
- Direction
- significantly superiore6
- Value
- 29.70e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e6“the performance of dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum culture + PSB was recorded as significantly superior with regard to the number of pods plant-1 (57.61), number of seeds pod-1 (1.89), 1000- seed weight (148.75) nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (29.70), fresh & dry weight nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (81.34 and 48.12 mg) and protein content (21.26%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen level of 30 kg ha-1 produced significantly higher 1000-seed weight in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1e4
- Outcome
- 1000- seed weighte4
- Direction
- significantly highere4
- Value
- 149.47ge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e4“Nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher No. of pod plant-1 (147.64 g), number of seeds pod-1 (1.97), 1000- seed weight (149.47g), nodules plant-1 at 50 DAS (30.54), fresh & dry weight nodules/plant at 50 DAS (81.34 and 48.12 mg) and protein content (21.15%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher net return in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 40 cm row spacinge7
- Outcome
- net returne7
- Direction
- significantly highere7
- Value
- Rs. 56972 ha-1e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e7“The 40 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield in both years on the pool basis seed yield recorded (14.22 q ha-1), stover yield (20.20 q ha-1), harvest index (41.16%), gross return Rs. 75593 ha-1, net return Rs. 56972 ha-1 and B.C. ratio 1:3.07”
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See all 18 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.