Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2015–16 and 2016–17 at Crop Research Centre of the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India to study the effect of Pusa hydrogel and vermicompost on crop productivity and soil nutrient status in late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Three irrigation levels, viz., I1 [at crown-root initiation (CRI) stage], I2 (at CRI, booting and milking) and I3 (at CRI, late tillering, late jointing, flowering and milking stage), and 4 moisture-conservation practices, viz. application of Pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg/ha, vermicompost @ 1 t/ha, Pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg/ha + vermicompost @ 1 t/ha and no application, were tested in split-plot design, with 3 replications. Results revealed that, the growth parameters, viz. of plant height (106.6 and 103.8 cm), tillers/m, dry-matter accumulation (184.5 and 195.0 g/m), leaf-area index (3.15 and 3.23) and harvest index, of wheat were significantly higher under 5 irrigation levels than 3 and 1, being the lowest under 1 irrigation during 2015–16 and 2016–17, respectively. The wheat received 5 irrigations outyielded wheat received 3 and 1 irrigations during the first and second years by 7.6, 68.8% and 8.1 and 69.4% respectively. Similarly, wheat grown with 3 and 5 irrigations recorded 5.98 and 5.84 q/ ha and 28.88 and 26.65 q/ha higher straw yield during 2015–16 and 2016–17 respectively. The highest available nitrogen (229.9 and 232.2 kg/ha) and potassium (177.2 and 179.1 kg/ha) were recorded with 5 irrigations, followed by 3 irrigations during the first and second years, respectively. The combined application of Pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg + vermicompost @ 1 t/ha over no application at harvesting resulted in 33.2 and 31.0% more dry-matter production/ m and 34.6 and 38.4% higher grain yield/ha, besides 231.0 and 233.3 kg N, 14.6 and 15.1 kg P and 175.5 and 177.8 kg K/ha with 0.494 and 0.512% organic carbon after harvesting during 2015–16 and 2016–17, respectively
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Five irrigations significantly increased wheat plant height versus three and one irrigations, with values of 106.6 and 103.8 cm in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 5 irrigation levelse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 106.6 and 103.8 cme0
- Comparator
- 3 and 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“plant height (106.6 and 103.8 cm), tillers/m, dry-matter accumulation (184.5 and 195.0 g/m), leaf-area index (3.15 and 3.23) and harvest index, of wheat were significantly higher under 5 irrigation levels than 3 and 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Five irrigations significantly raised wheat tillers/m versus three and one irrigations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5 irrigation levelse0
- Outcome
- tillers/me0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 3 and 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“tillers/m, dry-matter accumulation (184.5 and 195.0 g/m), leaf-area index (3.15 and 3.23) and harvest index, of wheat were significantly higher under 5 irrigation levels than 3 and 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Five irrigations significantly raised wheat dry matter accumulation versus three and one, with 184.5 and 195.0 g/m in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5 irrigation levelse0
- Outcome
- dry-matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 184.5 and 195.0 g/me0
- Comparator
- 3 and 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“dry-matter accumulation (184.5 and 195.0 g/m), leaf-area index (3.15 and 3.23) and harvest index, of wheat were significantly higher under 5 irrigation levels than 3 and 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Five irrigations significantly raised leaf area index versus three and one, to 3.15 and 3.23 in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5 irrigation levelse0
- Outcome
- leaf-area indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.15 and 3.23e0
- Comparator
- 3 and 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“leaf-area index (3.15 and 3.23) and harvest index, of wheat were significantly higher under 5 irrigation levels than 3 and 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Five irrigations significantly raised harvest index versus three and one irrigations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5 irrigation levelse0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 3 and 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“harvest index, of wheat were significantly higher under 5 irrigation levels than 3 and 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Five irrigations raised grain yield over three irrigations by 7.6% and 8.1% in the first and second years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5 irrigationse0
- Outcome
- outyieldede0
- Direction
- outyieldede0
- Value
- 7.6e0
- Comparator
- 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“The wheat received 5 irrigations outyielded wheat received 3 and 1 irrigations during the first and second years by 7.6, 68.8% and 8.1 and 69.4% respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Five irrigations raised grain yield over one irrigation by 68.8% and 69.4% in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5 irrigationse0
- Outcome
- outyieldede0
- Direction
- outyieldede0
- Value
- 68.8%e0
- Comparator
- 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“The wheat received 5 irrigations outyielded wheat received 3 and 1 irrigations during the first and second years by 7.6, 68.8% and 8.1 and 69.4% respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three irrigations gave higher straw yield, reported as 5.98 and 5.84 q/ ha in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 3e0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.98 and 5.84 q/ hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“wheat grown with 3 and 5 irrigations recorded 5.98 and 5.84 q/ ha and 28.88 and 26.65 q/ha higher straw yield during 2015–16 and 2016–17 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Five irrigations gave higher straw yield, reported as 28.88 and 26.65 q/ha in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5 irrigationse0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 28.88 and 26.65 q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“wheat grown with 3 and 5 irrigations recorded 5.98 and 5.84 q/ ha and 28.88 and 26.65 q/ha higher straw yield during 2015–16 and 2016–17 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Five irrigations gave the highest available soil nitrogen, 229.9 and 232.2 kg/ha in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5 irrigationse0
- Outcome
- available nitrogene0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 229.9 and 232.2 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“The highest available nitrogen (229.9 and 232.2 kg/ha) and potassium (177.2 and 179.1 kg/ha) were recorded with 5 irrigations, followed by 3 irrigations”
Claim · model-written summary
Five irrigations gave the highest available soil potassium, 177.2 and 179.1 kg/ha in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5 irrigationse0
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 177.2 and 179.1 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“The highest available nitrogen (229.9 and 232.2 kg/ha) and potassium (177.2 and 179.1 kg/ha) were recorded with 5 irrigations, followed by 3 irrigations”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined hydrogel and vermicompost increased dry matter production versus no application by 33.2 and 31.0% in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg + vermicompost @ 1 t/hae0
- Outcome
- dry-matter production/ me0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 33.2 and 31.0%e0
- Comparator
- no applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“The combined application of Pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg + vermicompost @ 1 t/ha over no application at harvesting resulted in 33.2 and 31.0% more dry-matter production/ m”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined hydrogel and vermicompost raised grain yield versus no application by 34.6 and 38.4% in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg + vermicompost @ 1 t/hae0
- Outcome
- grain yield/hae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 34.6 and 38.4%e0
- Comparator
- no applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“The combined application of Pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg + vermicompost @ 1 t/ha over no application at harvesting resulted in 33.2 and 31.0% more dry-matter production/ m and 34.6 and 38.4% higher grain yield/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined hydrogel and vermicompost gave soil N of 231.0 and 233.3 kg in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Value
- 231.0 and 233.3 kg Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“besides 231.0 and 233.3 kg N, 14.6 and 15.1 kg P and 175.5 and 177.8 kg K/ha with 0.494 and 0.512% organic carbon after harvesting”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined hydrogel and vermicompost gave soil P of 14.6 and 15.1 kg in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Value
- 14.6 and 15.1 kg Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“besides 231.0 and 233.3 kg N, 14.6 and 15.1 kg P and 175.5 and 177.8 kg K/ha with 0.494 and 0.512% organic carbon after harvesting”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined hydrogel and vermicompost gave soil K of 175.5 and 177.8 kg K/ha in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Value
- 175.5 and 177.8 kg K/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“besides 231.0 and 233.3 kg N, 14.6 and 15.1 kg P and 175.5 and 177.8 kg K/ha with 0.494 and 0.512% organic carbon after harvesting”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined hydrogel and vermicompost gave soil organic carbon of 0.494 and 0.512% in successive years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- organic carbone0
- Value
- 0.494 and 0.512%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e0“with 0.494 and 0.512% organic carbon after harvesting”
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