Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, with tandem 30–40 amino acids, were characterized as one kind of nucleus coding protein. They have been demonstrated to play important roles in RNA editing, plant growth and development, and plant immunity. Although the PPR gene family has been characterized in some plant species, less is known about this family in peanut, especially their functions in response to Ralstonia solanacearum. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis to identify PPR genes and their functions in resistance to R. solanacearum. Here, 389, 481, and 1079 PPR genes were identified from Arachis duranensis, Arachis ipaensis, and Arachis hypogaea, respectively. Allopolyploidization was the main reason for the increased number of the AhPPR members. Gene duplication brought about 367 pairs of homologous genes of PPRs in A. hypogaea. Whole-genome replication, tandem repeats, scattered repeats, and unconnected repeats constituted the replication types. The substitution rates of nonsynonymous (Ka) versus synonymous (Ks) of all homologous pairs were less than 1.0, suggesting that the homologous AhPPRs underwent intense purifying selection pressure and remained conserved in both structure and function. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses showed that AhPPR598 gene was highly expressed in the aerial part of peanut and involved in response to R. solanacearum. The transient expression of AhPPR598 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced the HR-mediated cell death, up-regulated expression of resistant marker genes, and enhanced the resistance to R. solanacearum, suggesting AhPPR598 was a positive regulator of immunity by regulating the JA and SA pathways. These results provide a new understanding of the origin, distribution, and evolution of the AhPPR gene family and potential gene resources for peanut-resistant breeding.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Arachis duranensis had 389 PPR genes.
- Taxon
- Arachis duranensis
Arachis duranensise0 - Outcome
- PPR genese0
- Value
- 389e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“389, 481, and 1079 PPR genes were identified from Arachis duranensis, Arachis ipaensis, and Arachis hypogaea, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arachis ipaensis had 481 PPR genes.
- Taxon
- Arachis ipaensisArachis ipaensise0
- Outcome
- PPR genese0
- Value
- 481e0
Verbatim
e0“389, 481, and 1079 PPR genes were identified from Arachis duranensis, Arachis ipaensis, and Arachis hypogaea, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arachis hypogaea had 1079 PPR genes.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Outcome
- PPR genese0
- Value
- 1079e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“389, 481, and 1079 PPR genes were identified from Arachis duranensis, Arachis ipaensis, and Arachis hypogaea, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Allopolyploidization mainly explained increased AhPPR gene number.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- increased number of the AhPPR memberse0
- Qualifier
- Allopolyploidizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Allopolyploidization was the main reason for the increased number of the AhPPR members.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene duplication produced 367 homologous PPR pairs in A. hypogaea.
- Taxon
- A. hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- pairs of homologous genes of PPRse0
- Value
- 367 pairse0
- Qualifier
- Gene duplicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene duplication brought about 367 pairs of homologous genes of PPRs in A. hypogaea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four replication types were identified for PPR genes.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- replication typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole-genome replication, tandem repeats, scattered repeats, and unconnected repeats constituted the replication types.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Ka/Ks ratios of all homologous pairs were below 1.0.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- substitution rates of nonsynonymous (Ka) versus synonymous (Ks)e0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 1.0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The substitution rates of nonsynonymous (Ka) versus synonymous (Ks) of all homologous pairs were less than 1.0”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
AhPPR598 was highly expressed in aerial peanut parts and responded to R. solanacearum.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Organ / stage
- aerial parte0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogent0 - Gene
- AhPPR598e0
- Outcome
- highly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AhPPR598 gene was highly expressed in the aerial part of peanut and involved in response to R. solanacearum.”
t0“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient AhPPR598 expression induced HR-mediated cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- transient expression of AhPPR598e0
- Gene
- AhPPR598e0
- Outcome
- HR-mediated cell deathe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transient expression of AhPPR598 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced the HR-mediated cell death, up-regulated expression of resistant marker genes, and enhanced the resistance to R. solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient AhPPR598 expression up-regulated resistance marker genes.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- transient expression of AhPPR598e0
- Gene
- AhPPR598e0
- Outcome
- expression of resistant marker genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transient expression of AhPPR598 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced the HR-mediated cell death, up-regulated expression of resistant marker genes, and enhanced the resistance to R. solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient AhPPR598 expression enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- transient expression of AhPPR598e0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogent0
- Gene
- AhPPR598e0
- Outcome
- resistance to R. solanacearume0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transient expression of AhPPR598 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced the HR-mediated cell death, up-regulated expression of resistant marker genes, and enhanced the resistance to R. solanacearum”
t0“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
AhPPR598 may positively regulate immunity through JA and SA pathways.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Gene
- AhPPR598e0
- Outcome
- positive regulator of immunitye0
- Qualifier
- regulating the JA and SA pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting AhPPR598 was a positive regulator of immunity by regulating the JA and SA pathways.”
t0“Peanut”
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See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.